巨噬细胞功能M1/M2极性化在心血管疾病中的研究进展

巨噬细胞是先天免疫系统的主要细胞,具有可塑性和异质性,在机体的免疫应答、组织稳态、重塑等多方面发挥重要功能。根据功能极性可分为M1(促炎)和M2(抗炎)2个亚型。M1/M2巨噬细胞在响应局部微环境的刺激反应过程中,通过改变其功能极化,获得特定的功能表型并分泌不同的细胞因子。巨噬细胞通过改变代谢重编程以适应其功能变化。M2巨噬细胞以氧化磷酸化和脂肪酸为能量代谢的主要方式,而M1巨噬细胞为无氧糖酵解。目前研究发现在心血管疾病中,巨噬细胞可能通过其功能极性变化引起巨噬细胞激活、组织浸润、释放促炎性细胞因子而参与心血管疾病的发生。本文对巨噬细胞功能极化、代谢重编程在心血管疾病中的作用进行综述。

Research progress of macrophage M1/M2 polarization in cardiovascular diseases

Macrophages are the main components of innate immune system, with plasticity and heterogeneity. Macrophages play an important role in immune response, tissue homeostasis and remodeling. According to functional polarity, it can be divided into two subtypes:M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). M1/M2 macrophages, in response to local microenvironment stimuli, obtain specific functional phenotypes and secrete different cytokines by altering their functional polarization. Macrophages adapt to their functional changes by altering metabolic reprogramming. M2 macrophages acquire their energy mainly through oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, while M1 macrophages use aerobic glycolysis. It has been shown that macrophages may participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases through the changes in their functional polarity, which may cause macrophage activation, tissue infiltration and release of inflammatory cytokines. This article reviews the role of functional polarization and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages in cardiovascular diseases.