非流利型失语患者对汉语句子理解的句法和语义加工研究

目的利用汉语非流利型失语患者对汉语句子理解中句法和语义加工机制进行研究,来进一步探讨句子理解的理论,并为患者的语言康复治疗提供指导。方法选取2组被试为研究对象,即20例汉语非流利型失语患者(病例组)以及20例正常受试者(对照组),分别进行探测词是否为施事任务、"把"字句判断任务、语义可逆的句图匹配任务及短时记忆检测,比较2组受试者各项得分情况,分析两组被试表现上的差异。结果探测词是否为施事任务中病例组和对照组可逆osv词序、可逆svo词序之间有明显统计学差异(P0.05),而病例组和对照组不可逆osv词序、不可逆svo词序之间无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。失语患者在完成句子判断任务时句法违反和语义违反两种错误的判断的错误率无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。在句图匹配任务中失语患者对svo词序和"把"字句完成得较好,而对"被"字句和osv词序完成得较差,svo词序和"把"字句完成的错误率两者之间无明显统计学差异(P0.05),osv词序和"被"字句两者之间无明显统计学差异(P0.05);在短时记忆检测中病例组与对照组有明显统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 (1)非流利型失语患者出现了句法加工和语义加工的分离,实验支持句法自主理论;(2)支持句子的理解是一个可分离的阶段的理论。非流利型失语患者的句子理解障碍不能简单地归因于功能词加工障碍,句子理解障碍的原因可能是句法整合的障碍即句子理解的阶段三出现了障碍。

The study of sentence comprehension processing in Chinese non-fluent aphasics

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of syntactic and semantic processing of Chinese sentence comprehension in non-fluent aphasics in order to instruct language treatment.Methods Twenty Chinese non-fluent aphasics were selected as case group and 20 normal peoples which matched with age,gender and education were chosen as control group.An agent judgement task,the sentence of ＂ba＂ judgement task,sentence-picture matching taskwere used in the study.The performances between these two groups were compared.Results In an agent judgement task,there was significant difference between the two groups in terms of the sentences of reversibility,osv（word order）and reversible,svo（P0.05）;but as to the inreversible sentences,osv（word order）and inreversibility,svo,the differences didn＇t reach statistical levels（P0.05）.In the sentence of ＂ba＂ judgement task,there was insignificant difference between judgement of semantic violation and syntactic violation in patiets with non-fluent aphasia（P0.05）.In the sentence-picture matching tasks,there was insignificant difference between the sentences of ＂ba＂ and the sentences of ＂svo＂（P0.05）;we also found that there was unsignificant difference between the sentences of ＂bei＂ and the sentences of ＂osv＂（P0.05）.The patients＇s comprehension about the sentences of ＂ba＂and ＂svo＂ have the lower error rate than that of the sentence of ＂bei＂and ＂osv＂.In the short-term memory tasks,the scores were significantly lower in patients with Chinese aphasias as compared with that of the control group（P0.05）.Conclusions Our study supports autonomous modular model.Language comprehension is subdivided into three functionally and temporally separable processing stages.Our study suggests that patients with non-fluent aphasia may impair the third phase but not impair function words.