Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Italy: Age,subtype-specific and vaccine type estimates 2014/15 season |
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| Institution: | 1. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy;2. Dipartimento Scienze biomediche ed oncologia umana, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche per la salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy;4. Governo della Prevenzione e tutela sanitaria, Regione Lombardia, Milan, Italy;5. SeREMI ASL AL, Servizio Riferimento Regionale, Epidemiologia Malattie Infettive, Alessandria, Italy;6. Ospedale “Amedeo di Savoia”- Torino, Italy;7. Servizio Sanità pubblica, D. G. Sanità e Politiche sociali, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy;8. Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy;1. Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, Service de Pharmacologie et d’Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse, Gif-Sur-Yvette F-91191, France;2. Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris 75005, France;3. INSERM, U932, Paris F-75005, France;4. Centre d’Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 507, Institut Curie, Paris F-75005, France;1. Department of Virus and Microbiological Special diagnostics, National Influenza Center, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;2. Department of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Global Health, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark;3. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;4. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;5. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 18, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark;6. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark;7. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vejle Sygehus, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;8. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark;9. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 København Ø, Denmark;1. Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China;2. Nanfang Hospital, Health Management Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China;3. Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States;1. AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States;2. Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, 2401 South 31st Street, Temple, TX 76508, United States;3. Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 N. Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, United States;4. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue S, Nashville, TN 37232, United States;5. Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States;1. National Centre of Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, c/Monforte de Lemos no.5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;2. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;3. Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre for Microbiology, National Influenza Centre, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain;1. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;2. Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China;3. School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;4. Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencia Region FISABIO – Public Health, Valencia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The 2014/15 influenza season in Europe was characterised by the circulation of influenza A(H3N2) viruses with an antigenic and genetic mismatch from the vaccine strain A/Texas/50/2012(H3N2) recommended for the Northern hemisphere for the 2014/15 season. Italy, differently from other EU countries where most of the subtyped influenza A viruses were H3N2, experienced a 2014/15 season characterized by an extended circulation of two influenza viruses: A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), that both contributed substantially to morbidity.Within the context of the existing National sentinel influenza surveillance system (InfluNet) a test-negative case-control study was established in order to produce vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates. The point estimates VE were adjusted by age group (<5; 5–15; 15–64; 65+ years), the presence of at least one chronic condition, target group for vaccination and need help for walking or bathing. In Italy, adjusted estimates of the 2014/15 seasonal influenza VE against medically attended influenza-like illness (ILI) laboratory-confirmed as influenza for all age groups were 6.0% (95%CI: ?36.5 to 35.2%), 43.6% (95%CI: ?3.7 to 69.3%), ?84.5% (95%CI: (?190.4 to ?17.2%) and 50.7% (95% CI: ?2.5 to 76.3%) against any influenza virus, A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B, respectively. These results suggest evidence of good VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses in Italy and evidence of lack of VE against A(H3N2) virus due to antigenic and genetic mismatch between circulating A(H3N2) and the respective 2014/15 vaccine strain. |
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| Keywords: | Influenza Vaccine effectiveness Test negative case–control studies |
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