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Inactivation of rabies virus by hydrogen peroxide
Institution:1. Viral Control Unit, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals (NORCB), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa Street, Agouza, Giza, Egypt;2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt;3. Viral Research and Control Lab., National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Kafr El-Gabal, Giza, Egypt;1. Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;2. National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, PO Box 1 (Internal Postal Code 101), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;3. Strategic Social Marketing Ltd, Conford, Liphook GU30 7QW, United Kingdom;4. Brighton University Business School, Mitras House, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4AT, United Kingdom;5. Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, PO Box 70032, 3000 LP Rotterdam, The Netherlands;6. Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, PO Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, United States;2. Biology Department, Princess Nourah University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;2. Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;3. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;4. NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA;5. NYU College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA;6. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA;7. Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA;8. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;9. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;1. Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;2. Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
Abstract:Development of safe and protective vaccines against infectious pathogens remains a challenge. Inactivation of rabies virus is a critical step in the production of vaccines and other research reagents. Beta-propiolactone (βPL); the currently used inactivating agent for rabies virus is expensive and proved to be carcinogenic in animals. This study aimed to investigate the ability of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to irreversibly inactivate rabies virus without affecting its antigenicity and immunogenicity in pursuit of finding safe, effective and inexpensive alternative inactivating agents. H2O2 3% rapidly inactivated a Vero cell adapted fixed rabies virus strain designated as FRV/K within 2 h of exposure without affecting its antigenicity or immunogenicity. No residual infectious virus was detected and the H2O2-inactivated vaccine proved to be safe and effective when compared with the same virus harvest inactivated with the classical inactivating agent βPL. Mice immunized with H2O2-inactivated rabies virus produced sufficient level of antibodies and were protected when challenged with lethal CVS virus. These findings reinforce the idea that H2O2 can replace βPL as inactivating agent for rabies virus to reduce time and cost of inactivation process.
Keywords:Rabies  Hydrogen peroxide  Inactivation  Vaccine  Immunity
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