Continuous active surveillance of adverse events following immunisation using SMS technology |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Public Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia;2. Westfarmer''s Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia;3. National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, ACT, Australia;4. Illawarra Medical Centre, Ballajura, WA, Australia;5. School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia;1. Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran;2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran;3. Department of Retina and Vitreous Diseases, Ocular Oncology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran;1. Vaccine Education Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States;2. Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan;3. Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States;4. Immunization Program and Acute Communicable Diseases, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States;5. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;6. Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan;1. Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCSS-Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;2. Unit of Clinical Epidemiology & Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;3. Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;4. Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Meyer Children''s University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;1. Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia;2. National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia;3. Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia;4. Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia;5. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia;6. Department of Health, South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia;1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon;2. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;3. Clinical Research Unit, Division of Health Operations Research, Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon;4. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland;5. Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon;6. Department of Pharmacology Drugs and Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon;7. Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine–Infectious Disease Service, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionOn-going post-licensure surveillance of adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) is critical to detecting and responding to potentially serious adverse events in a timely manner. SmartVax is a vaccine safety monitoring tool that uses automated data extraction from existing practice management software and short message service (SMS) technology to follow-up vaccinees in real-time. We report on childhood vaccine safety surveillance using SmartVax at a medical practice in Perth, Western Australia.MethodsParents of all children under age five years who were vaccinated according to the Australian National Immunisation Schedule between November 2011 and June 2015 were sent an SMS three days post administration to enquire whether the child had experienced a suspected vaccine reaction. Affirmative replies triggered a follow-up SMS requesting details of the reaction(s) via a link to a survey that could be completed using a smartphone or the web. Rates of reported AEFI including fever, headache, fatigue, rash, vomiting, diarrhoea, rigours, seizures, and local reactions were calculated by vaccination time point.ResultsOverall, 239 (8.2%; 95% CI 7.2–9.2%) possible vaccine reactions were reported for 2897 vaccination visits over the 44 month time period. The proportion of children experiencing a possible AEFI, mostly local reactions, was significantly greater following administration of diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis–poliomyelitis vaccine at 4 years of age (77/441; 17.5%; 95% CI 13.9–21.0%) compared to the vaccinations given at 2–18 months (p < 0.001). Across all time points, local reactions and fatigue were the most frequently reported AEFI.ConclusionAutomated SMS-based reporting can facilitate sustainable, real-time, monitoring of adverse reactions and contribute to early identification of potential vaccine safety issues. |
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| Keywords: | Adverse events following immunisation Vaccine safety Surveillance SMS Paediatric vaccination |
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