Practical aspects in the use of passive immunization as an alternative to attenuated viral vaccines |
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| Affiliation: | 1. MIGAL – Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;2. Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Israel;3. Phibro Vaccines, Bet Shemesh, Israel;1. Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;2. Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;3. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;4. Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;1. Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Monterrey, Vıa del Conocimiento 201, Parque PIIT, CP 66600 Apodaca NL, Mexico;2. University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;1. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;2. Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan;3. Graduate Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;1. Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany;2. Boehringer Ingelheim, Veterinary Research Center GmbH Co. KG, Bemeroderstr. 31, 30559, Hannover, Germany;3. Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Am Seedeich 9-11, 27472, Cuxhaven, Germany;1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Laboratorial, Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas – Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Experimental, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil;3. Departamento de Patologia, Análise Clínicas e Toxicológicas – Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil;4. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas – Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Passive immunization as a method to protect birds has been tested for many years and shown to be effective. Its advantages over active vaccination include no use of partially virulent viruses, overcoming the gap in the level of protection at young age due to interference of maternal antibodies to raise self-immune response following active vaccination and the possible immunosuppressive effect of attenuated vaccine viruses. However, a major obstacle to its implementation is its relatively high cost which is dependent, among other things, mainly on two factors: the efficacy of antibody production, and the use of specific pathogen-free (SPF) birds for antibody production to avoid the possible transfer of pathogens from commercial layers. In this study we show efficient production of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) against four different pathogens simultaneously in the same egg, and treatment of the extracted IgY with formalin to negate the need for SPF birds. Formalin, a common registered sterilization compound in vaccine production, was shown not to interfere with the Fab specific antigen binding or Fc-complement activation of the antibody. Following injection of 1-day-old broilers with antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus, protective antibody levels were acquired for the entire period of sensitivity to this pathogen (35 days). Passive vaccination with formalin-sterilized IgY against multiple antigens extracted from one commercial egg may be a cost-effective and advantageous complementary or alternative to attenuated vaccines in poultry. |
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| Keywords: | Passive immunization Infectious bursal disease virus Immunoglobulin Y Maternal antibody Newcastle disease virus |
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