A 16-year review of seroprevalence studies on measles and rubella |
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| Affiliation: | 1. NRL, Australia, 4th Floor Healy Building, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia;2. World Health Organization, Global VPD Laboratory Networks, 20, avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland;1. Department of Public Health, College of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Infection Control and Environmental Health, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK;1. Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;2. Laboratory Medical Microbiology, Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum, The Netherlands;3. Department of Medical Microbiology, Bronovo Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands;4. Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;5. Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;1. Center of Maternal–Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan;2. National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan;3. Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan;1. Osaka Institute of Public Health, Division of Planning, Quality Assurance Unit, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan;2. Osaka Institute of Public Health, Division of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan;3. Osaka Institute of Public Health, Division of Microbiology, Virology section, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The determination of the seroprevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases is critical in monitoring the efficacy of vaccination programmes and to assess the gaps in population immunity but requires extensive organisation and is time and resource intensive. The results of the studies are frequently reported in peer-reviewed scientific, government and non-government publications. A review of scientific literature was undertaken to advise the development of WHO guidelines for the assessment of measles and rubella seroprevalence. A search of the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed online publications using key words of ‘measles’, ‘rubella’, combined with ‘serosurvey’, ‘seroprevalence’, ‘immunity’ and ‘population immunity’ was conducted. A total of 97 articles published between January 1998 and June 2014 were retrieved, 68 describing serosurveys for measles and 58 serosurveys for rubella, conducted in 37 and 36 different countries respectively. Only 13 (19%) and 8 (14%) respectively were UN classified “least developed countries”. The study sample varied markedly and included combinations of male and female infants, children, adolescents and adults. The study sizes also varied with 28% and 33% of measles and rubella studies respectively, having greater than 2000 participants. Microtitre plate enzyme immunoassays were used in 52 (76%) measles studies and 40 (69%) rubella studies. A total of 39 (57%) measles and 44 (76%) rubella studies reported quantitative test results. Seroprevalence ranged from 60.8% to 95.9% for measles and 53.0% to 99.3% for rubella studies. The review highlighted that infants lost maternally-acquired immunity within 9 months of birth and were unprotected until vaccination. Two groups at higher risk of infection were identified: young adults between the ages of 15 and 30 years and immigrants. |
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| Keywords: | Measles Rubella Seroprevalence Vaccination |
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