Active opioid use does not attenuate the humoral responses to inactivated influenza vaccine |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, US;2. Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, US;3. Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, US;4. Immune Monitoring Facility, Ludwig Center for Center Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, US;5. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, US;6. Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY, US;1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, United States;2. Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal;3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, United States;4. World Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal;1. Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina;2. Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina;3. Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina;4. Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;5. Children’s Hospital Association, Overland Park, Kansas;6. Department of Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;7. Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio;8. Department of Surgery, All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida;1. Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany;2. CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;3. Thorax Centre in the Ruhr Area, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Evangelic Hospital in Herne and Augusta Hospital in Bochum, Bergstraße 26, 44791 Bochum, Germany;4. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;5. Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;6. Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;7. Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;8. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;9. Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;1. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;2. Health Information, Research and Analysis Unit, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji;3. Dept. of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;4. Fiji Health Sector Support Program, Suva, Fiji;5. Centre for International Child Health, Dept. of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundInfluenza vaccination is recommended for vulnerable individuals, including active drug users, to prevent influenza complications and decrease influenza spread. Recent studies suggest that opioids negatively regulate immune responses in experimental models, but the extent to which opioid use will affect the humoral responses to influenza vaccine in humans is unknown. This information is critical in maximizing vaccination efforts.ObjectiveTo determine whether there is a difference in antibody response after influenza vaccination in heroin or methadone users compared to control subjects.MethodsWe studied active heroin users, subjects on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and subjects that did not use any drugs before and 1 and 4 weeks after vaccination with trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). We measured hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization titers, and we compared geometric mean titers (GMT), and rates of seroprotection and seroconversion for each of the vaccine strains among the 3 groups of subjects.ResultsHeroin users, subjects on MMT and non-user controls mount a similarly robust serologic response to TIV. GMT and rates of seroprotection and seroconversion were not significantly different among groups.ConclusionOur results suggest that opioid use do not significantly alter antibody responses to influenza vaccine supporting the vaccination effort in these populations. |
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| Keywords: | Influenza vaccination Hemagglutination inhibition Microneutralization Heroin Methadone Opioid users |
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