广西地区三个时期腹泻病人户调查的比较分析

目的 对比、分析广西地区腹泻病流行病学特点,并评价其控制效果.方法 采用广西地区1988、1995和2007年3次入户调查腹泻病发病、流行、就诊和治疗情况资料,应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析.结果 1988、1995和2007年3次腹泻病人户调查获得广西地区腹泻病发病强度分别为0.562次/人年、0.456次/人年和0.221次/人年(P<0.001);腹泻病例均无性别差异,低年龄组和低文化程度人群腹泻病发病率较高.近年来腹泻患者旱持续腹泻天数延长、症状体征减轻的趋势.病例均以基层医疗机构就诊为主,2007年就诊率仅为28.3%;病例治疗均以抗生素为主(49.8%～90.2%),口服补液治疗率较低(1.4%～11.5%);但使用中药治疗率有所上升.喝生水、吃生冷或隔夜食物及接触腹泻病患者为腹泻病的主要危险因素.结论 近20余年广西地区腹泻病发病总体呈下降趋势,病后就诊率较低.应规范腹泻病例的治疗,增加患病后就诊的可及性,提高就诊率和有效诊治率.

Comparative analysis of three diarrhea-household-surveys in Guangxi

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics and the effects of control measurements in Guangxi by comparing the results from diarrhea-household-surveys conducted in the three different periods of time and to develop control strategies. Methods Data on the incidence, health care seeking and treatment of diarrhea from three household surveys conducted in 1988, 1995 and 2007 was analyzed using SPSS (version 13.0). Results The incidence rates of diarrhea over the three periods of time were 0.562, 0.456 and 0.221 per person-year, respectively (P<0.001). No significant difference was found in the incidence between males and females. The disease mainly attacked young age groups and those with lower educational levels. In recent years, longer durations of disease but less severe were observed in patients with diarrhea. The patients mainly visited first line health services with a health care seeking rate of 28.3%. Antibiotics were used by most of the patients (49.8%-90.2%), while the rate of using oral rehydrathon salts(ORS) was only 1.4%-11.5% but the use of traditional Chinese medicines has increased. Intake of untreated water, contaminated foods and contact with patients were important risk factors on diarrhea. Conclusion The prevalence of diarrhea in Guangxi had declined and the health seeking rate was low in the past two decades. It is necessary to further regulate the treatment, in order to strengthen the health education programs to the general population, in order to improve the accessibility of health services and to increase both the health care seeking rate and effective diagnosis rate.