骨膜移植重建关节面治疗肘关节强直畸形

目的　探讨骨膜移植重建关节面治疗肘关节强直畸形的临床效果。方法　 1985年 5月～ 1999年 11月手术治疗 2 3例 ,有完整随访资料 18例。男 13例 ,女 5例。陈旧性肘关节骨折、脱位致关节僵直 13例 ,晚期类风湿性关节炎 3例 ,陈旧性全关节结核 2例。其中肘关节骨性强直 6例 ,纤维性强直 12例 ;16例关节活动度 0°～ 10°,2例 2 0°～30°。肱骨下端截骨切除一个较大的弧形骨块 ,保留肱骨内、外髁、冠状突及尺骨鹰嘴全部关节面并重建肱骨后方鹰嘴窝。取自体胫骨上段大块骨膜行肱骨下段截骨后关节面重建 ,结合术后持续鹰嘴骨牵引下被动和主动锻炼肘关节至术后 4周。结果　术后随访时间 1～ 9年 ,平均 5 .2年。11例肘关节屈伸正常 ,4例屈伸于 10 0°～ 0°,3例因屈伸肌严重萎缩不能进行有效主动屈伸锻炼 ,肘关节屈伸范围仅 6 0°。结论　保留尺骨关节面 ,移植骨膜重建肱骨下段关节面并在鹰嘴骨牵引下行主动和被动活动 ,既保留正常活动度 ,又促进移植骨膜生长 ,形成新关节面 ,术后功能恢复满意。

TREATMENT OF ELBOW JOINT ANKYLOSIS BY REPAIR OF ARTICULAR SURFACE WITH PERIOSTEAL AUTOGRAFT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of periosteal autograft in repair of ankylosis of elbow joint. METHODS: From May 1985 to November 1999, 18 cases of elbow joints ankylosis (6 cases of osteo-ankylosis, 12 cases of fibroankylosis) were treated by repairing articular surface with periosteal autografting. Out of 18 cases, 13 were caused by old dislocation and fracture of elbow joints, 3 by late rheumatoid arthritis, and 2 by old total joint tuberculosis. In this surgical approach, periosteum from upper end of tibia was transplanted into articular surface after correction of the elbow joint from ankylosis deformity, and continuous passive or active movement of the operated joint was adopted with skeletal traction through olecranon of ulna for 4 weeks after operation. All of the cases were followed up for 1-9 years, 5.2 years on average, before clinical evaluation. RESULTS: The elbow joints in 11 cases were restored to normal, the joints in 4 cases obtained active movement in the range of 100 degrees-0 degree, and the joints in the other 3 cases could only have limited movement because of severe muscular atrophy. CONCLUSION: The articular surface in arthroplasty of elbow joint ankylosis could be effectively repaired by periosteal autograft, and the function of the joints could be obviously improved by continuous movement of the joints after operation with skeletal traction.