DCD时代肾移植术后耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌感染的治疗经验总结

目的  总结心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)时代肾移植术后耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)感染的临床治疗经验。方法  回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年1月行DCD供肾移植术后CRKP感染的17例受者和10例供者临床资料。供、受者均行细菌培养和药敏试验; 记录CRKP感染受者的临床表现、治疗及转归情况。结果  7例供者感染CRKP，对其预处理后，2例供者CRKP转阴，5例供者CRKP未转阴。所有供肾均接受替加环素+美罗培南+伏立康唑灌洗预防感染。17例CRKP感染的受者中，包括11例血培养阳性、10例尿培养阳性、3例痰培养阳性、3例切口分泌物阳性、3例腹膜后引流液阳性; 其临床表现包括发热8例、移植肾动脉破裂出血7例或移植肾动脉内血栓形成1例、膀胱刺激征3例、咳砖红色胶冻样痰1例。接受替加环素+美罗培南治疗5例，移植肾丢失1例，受者死亡4例; 接受头孢他啶-阿维巴坦+美罗培南治疗12例，移植肾丢失3例，受者死亡1例。结论  CRKP感染供者并非肾移植的绝对禁忌证，提前处理供者感染，受者术后早期给予足量敏感抗生素可以治愈感染，改善肾移植受者预后。

Summary of treatment experience of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after renal transplantation in DCD era

Objective To summarize the clinical treatment experience of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection after renal transplantation in donation after cardiac death (DCD) era. Methods Clinical data of 10 donors and 17 recipients with CRKP infection after DCD renal transplantation from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Both donors and recipients received bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test. Clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome of CRKP-infected recipients were recorded. Results Seven donors were infected with CRKP. After pretreatment, CRKP in 2 cases turned negative, CRKP in 5 donors did not turn negative. All renal grafts were treated with tigecycline+meropenem+voriconazole lavage to prevent infection. Among 17 recipients with CRKP infection, 11 cases were positive for blood culture, 10 positive for urine culture, 3 positive for sputum culture, 3 positive for incisional secretion and 3 positive for retroperitoneal drainage. Clinical manifestations included fever in 8 cases, rupture and hemorrhage of the transplant renal artery in 7 cases or thrombosis in the transplant renal artery in 1 case, bladder irritation sign in 3 cases and cough with brick red jelly-like sputum in 1 case, respectively. Five patients were treated with tigecycline+meropenem, 1 patient suffered from renal graft loss and 4 recipients died. Twelve patients were treated with ceftazidime-avibactam +meropenem, 3 patients presented with renal graft loss and 1 recipient died. Conclusions CRKP-infected donor is not the absolute contraindication of renal transplantation. Pretreatment of donor infection and early administration of sufficient sensitive antibiotics can cure CRKP infection and improve the clinical prognosis of renal transplant recipients.