气象因素与青岛市区儿童哮喘发作的关系

背景:支气管哮喘是典型的气象病之一,其发作与气象因素有极其密切的关系。关于哮喘与气象因素的关系,国内外已有一些研究,各地条件的不同研究结果不尽一致。目的:分析青岛市区儿童哮喘发作与气象因素的关系。设计:观察性实验。单位:青岛大学医学院附属医院。对象:选择2000-01-01/2004-12-31青岛大学医学院附属医院、青岛市海慈医院,青岛市儿童医院明确诊断的哮喘急性发作的住院病儿445例为观察对象,其中男307例,女138例;年龄<14岁。方法:收集青岛市区445例哮喘病儿的发作时间及同期的月平均气温、气压、相对湿度、风速等气象资料。圆分布分析儿童哮喘发作的季节规律;直线相关分析气象因素与儿童哮喘发作之间的关系。主要观察指标:①445例哮喘患儿月发作情况。②445例哮喘患儿发作时间的圆分布分析结果。③气象因素与儿童哮喘发作之间的直线相关分析结果。结果:①青岛市区哮喘病儿发作集中于11,12,1,2月份,占全年发作人数的47.9%,全年有307例男性患儿发作,138例女性患儿发作,男性明显高于女性。②青岛市区儿童哮喘发作冬季为高峰,男、女患儿圆分布平均角所在日期分别在1、12月份(P<0.05)。③儿童哮喘多于高气压、低气温、低湿度的气象条件下发作(r=0.435,-0.320,-0.296,P<0.05)。结论:气象因素是青岛市区儿童哮喘发作的影响因素,在儿童哮喘发作的预防工作中应充分考虑其发病的季节特点。

Relations between meteorological factors and asthma in children from Qingdao city

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is one of those diseases that are significantly affected by meteorological factors. There is close relationship between asthma attack and meteorological factor. There have been some studies on the relationship between asthma and meteorological factors at home and abroad, but the results are various due to different area conditions.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between asthmatic attack and meteorological factors in children in Qingdao city.DESIGN: Observational experiment.SETTING: The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Altogether 445 inpatient children, 307 males, 138 females, aged ＜ 14 years, who were diagnosed of asthma attack definitely, of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical University, Qingdao Haici Hospital,Qingdao Children Hospital between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2004 were retrieved.METHODS: The asthmatic attack time of 445 children patients with asthmatic attack of Qingdao city and concurrent month mean temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and other meteorologic al data were collected.Seasonal rhythm of asthmatic attack in children and the relationship between asthmatic attack and meteorological factors were analyzed with circular distribution analysis and linear regression analysis, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Month attack information of 445 asthma patients. ② Circular distribution analysis results of asthmatic attack time. ③ Linear regression analysis results about the relationship between asthma attack and meteorological factors.RESULTS: ① Data revealed that asthmatic attack in Qingdao city focused on November, December, January and February, which took up 47.9% of total amount in that year. There were 307 male patients (incidence 3.12%)in a year,female patients only 138 cases (incidence 1.51%), which revealed that boys have a higher incidence of asthma attack than girls. ②The peak season of incidence of asthmatic attack was found in winter and peak season for male and female patients was in January and December, respectively (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Higher incidence of asthmatic attack of children was related with higher air pressure, lower temperature, lower relative humidity(r =0.435, -0.320, -0.296, all P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The incidence of asthma attack presents seasonal rhythm in Qingdao city and it is influenced by climate conditions. Therefore, enough consideration of meteorological factors should be paid on preventive works for asthma.