水蛭素防治脑出血的药理作用研究进展

脑出血的发病急、进展迅速、预后较差，成为威胁人类健康的重大疾病之一。水蛭素是从水蛭的唾液腺中分离出来的多肽，可通过抗凝血酶活性、抑制细胞凋亡、减轻氧化应激反应、降低炎症反应、抑制水通道蛋白4的表达、阻止胶质纤维酸性蛋白的上调、抑制血小板反应蛋白表达、调节Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶的活性对脑出血发挥防治作用。综述了水蛭素防治脑出血的药理作用研究进展，为水蛭素临床治疗脑出血提供依据。

Research progress on pharmacological effects of hirudin in prevention and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage

Cerebral hemorrhage is one of the major diseases threatening human health because of its rapid onset, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. Hirudin is a peptide isolated from the salivary glands of Hirudo niponica Whitman. Hirudin can play a prevention and treatment role in cerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting thrombin activity, inhibiting cell apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress reaction, reducing inflammatory reaction, inhibiting the expression of aquaporin 4, inhibiting the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein, inhibiting platelet reactive protein expression, and regulating the activity of Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase. This article reviews the pharmacological research progress of hirudin in prevention and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, providing a basis for the clinical treatment of cerebral hemorrhage with hirudin.