救援军人心理弹性状况及影响因素的研究

目的 研究救援军人心理弹性状况及影响因素.方法 采用成人心理弹性量表(RSA)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和应对方式问卷对1401名救援军人进行整群抽样调查.结果 ①救援军人心理弹性均分为(2.49±0.57)分,显著低于大学生(t=16.619,P=0.000);军龄≥3年的救援军人在社会能力(t=2.581,P=0.01)、社会资源(t=2.158,P=0.031)、计划风格(t=3.254,P=0.001)和RSA总均分(t=2.455,P=0.014)得分显著高于军龄≤2年的救援人员;不同文化程度的救援军人在自我认知(t=3.732,P=0.024)、未来计划(t=9.324,P=0.000)、社会能力(t=8.838,P=0.000)、社会资源(t=13.660,P=0.000)和RSA总均分(t=9.805,P=0.000)上有显著差异,且大学≥高中≥初中.②RSA高分组在内外向(t=16.204,P=0.000)和积极应对(t=18.171,P=0.000)得分均显著高于低分组,而在SCL-90均分(t=8.461,P=0.000)和神经质得分(t=8.833,P=0.000)均显著低于低分组;③救援军人的心理弹性与文化程度(r=0.116)、内外向(r=0.463)和积极应对(r=0.500)有显著的正相关,与SCL-90(r=-0.260)及神经质(r=-0.251)有显著的负相关;进一步进行同归分析发现,积极应对、内外向及神经质对心理弹性有35.9%的预测.结论 救援军人心理弹性水平显著低于大学生,积极应对、内外向及神经质是影响救援军人心理弹性的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To research the resilience and related factors of the rescue soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults( RSA ), Self-report Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Coping Style Questionnaire were applied in this survey to 1401 rescue soldiers. Results ①The soldiers' resilience score was (2.49±0.57) ,significantly lower than college students( t= 16.619, P=0. 000).The rescue soldiers with the year in army above 3 were significantly higher than that below 2 years in social competence( t=2.581, P=0.01 ) ,social resources( t=2. 158, P=0.031 ) ,structured style( t=3.254, P=0.001 ) and RSA scores(t=2.455, P=0.014). There exist significantly differences in various education level of the rescue soldiers in perception of self(t=3.732, P=0.024), planned of future ( t = 9.324, P = 0.000 ) , social competence ( t = 8. 838, P = 0.000 ), social resources ( t = 13. 660, P = 0. 000 ) and RSA scores (t=9.805, P=0.000) , and college ≥ senior high school ≥ junior high school. ②Compared to the lower group in the RSA, the higher group scored significantly higher in extraversion (t=16. 204, P=0.000) and positive coping( t = - 18. 171, P=0.000), while lower in SCL-90 (t=8.461, P=0.000) and neuroticism (t=8.833, P=0.000 ).③Resilience have the obvious positive correlation with the education ( r= 0. 116 ), extraversion ( r= 0. 463 ) and positive coping(r=0.500) ,and negative correlation with the neuroticism(r=-0.251 ) and SCL-90( r= -0.260). It can be assumed that positive coping,extraversion and neuroticism had good predictive ability(35.9％) to resilience. Conclusion The rescue soldiers have low resilience than college students, positive coping, extraversion, and neuroticism are important psychological factors for rescue soldiers.

Resilience and related factors in rescue soldiers

Objective To research the resilience and related factors of the rescue soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults( RSA ), Self-report Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Coping Style Questionnaire were applied in this survey to 1401 rescue soldiers. Results ①The soldiers' resilience score was (2.49±0.57) ,significantly lower than college students( t= 16.619, P=0. 000).The rescue soldiers with the year in army above 3 were significantly higher than that below 2 years in social competence( t=2.581, P=0.01 ) ,social resources( t=2. 158, P=0.031 ) ,structured style( t=3.254, P=0.001 ) and RSA scores(t=2.455, P=0.014). There exist significantly differences in various education level of the rescue soldiers in perception of self(t=3.732, P=0.024), planned of future ( t = 9.324, P = 0.000 ) , social competence ( t = 8. 838, P = 0.000 ), social resources ( t = 13. 660, P = 0. 000 ) and RSA scores (t=9.805, P=0.000) , and college ≥ senior high school ≥ junior high school. ②Compared to the lower group in the RSA, the higher group scored significantly higher in extraversion (t=16. 204, P=0.000) and positive coping( t = - 18. 171, P=0.000), while lower in SCL-90 (t=8.461, P=0.000) and neuroticism (t=8.833, P=0.000 ).③Resilience have the obvious positive correlation with the education ( r= 0. 116 ), extraversion ( r= 0. 463 ) and positive coping(r=0.500) ,and negative correlation with the neuroticism(r=-0.251 ) and SCL-90( r= -0.260). It can be assumed that positive coping,extraversion and neuroticism had good predictive ability(35.9％) to resilience. Conclusion The rescue soldiers have low resilience than college students, positive coping, extraversion, and neuroticism are important psychological factors for rescue soldiers.