2001-2010年青海省鼠疫流行病学分析

目的 探讨青海省近10年鼠疫流行势态，为制订预防控制对策提供依据。方法 应用Excel 2003软件统计2001- 2010年青海省地方病预防控制所人间鼠疫病例数据库、鼠疫监测和鼠疫疫源地调查资料，分别从动物鼠疫和人间鼠疫的地区分布、时间分布以及鼠疫在人群和动物种群间的分布情况进行分析。结果 10年间青海省从各种染疫动物和媒介昆虫体内分离鼠疫菌167株，主要分布在乌兰县、德令哈市、格尔木市、天峻县等青藏铁路沿线。人间鼠疫除2002、2007、2008、2010年没有发生外，其他年份均有鼠疫病例发生。10年间累计发生人间鼠疫13起，病例37例，死亡16例，病死率为43.24％；患者主要分布在囊谦、曲麻莱、称多、治多、兴海、同德、天峻、乌兰和祁连9个县；每年的5- 10月为发病季节，高峰期在8- 10月;鼠疫临床病型以肺型居多(62.16％，23/37)。结论 青海省鼠疫疫情仍然严峻，动物鼠疫连年不断，人间鼠疫局部地区爆发流行，应加强重点地区鼠疫监测和预警，落实各项综合防控措施，以减少鼠疫的发生和流行。

Epidemiologicai analysis of plague in Qinghai province from 2001 to 2010

Objective To explore the plague epidemical trend of nearly a 10 years data in Qinghai province to provide basis for making the prevention and control measures. Method The regional distribution and time distribution of animal and human plague, monitoring and plague foci of survey data in Qinghai from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed with Excel software 2003. Results In Qinghai province, a total of 167 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from infected animals and insects in 10 years. Yersinia pestis was mainly distributed in Wulan,Delinha, Geermu, and Tianjun, along the Qinghai-Xizang railway. Human plague was occurred every year from 2001 to 2010 except 2002, 2007, 2008, and 2010. In the 10 years, there were 37 plague cases and 16 of these cases died, the mortality was 43.24％. The plague cases were mainly distributed in Nangqian, Qumalai, Chenduo,Zhiduo, Xinghai, Tongde, Tianjun, Wulan and Qilian. And these cases were found mostly in the period from May to October, especially in the period from August to October. Major clinical type of the plague cases was lung-type (62.16％,23/37). Conclusions The plague epidemic situation in Qinghai province is still severe, animal plague occurred year after year, and human plague outbreaks occasionally. Monitoring and early warning in the key areas should be strengthened, and the comprehensive measures of plague prevention and control should be carried out to reduce the incidence and prevalence of plague.