中国部分沿海地区居民碘营养状况调查结果分析

目的 了解我国沿海地区食用碘盐防治碘缺乏病是否导致居民碘摄入过量.方法 采用横断面调查方法,在我国11个沿海省份(自治区、直辖市)中,沿着海岸线从北往南选择辽宁省、上海市、浙江省及福建省4个省(市)进行调查.除上海市调查其所有辖区外,其他的3个省都分城市和农村两个层次,分别调查了5个沿海城市、5个沿海农村,以及3个内陆农村(作为对照点)的外环境水碘、居民合格碘盐食用率、居民人均盐日摄入量以及不同人群的尿碘水平.结果 在4个省(市)共采集居民饮用水水样7552份、居民户盐样7996份和不同人群(成人、哺乳妇女、孕妇和儿童)尿样9873份.除浙江省沿海城市和沿海农村合格碘盐食用率低于90％外,其他3个沿海省(市)调查地区的合格碘盐食用率均大于90％.4个省(市)成人和儿童尿碘中位数均在100～299 μg/L;哺乳妇女尿碘中位数均大于100 μg/L;上海市、浙江省沿海城市和福建省沿海农村孕妇尿碘中位数低于150μg/L.结论 沿海地区居民的碘营养状况总体水平上是适宜的,部分沿海地区孕妇碘营养不足；沿海地区应坚持食盐加碘防治碘缺乏病的措施.

The inhabitant's iodine nutrition status of some coastal areas in China: a cross-sectional study

Objective To study whether the measure of consumption of iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency disorders could lead to residents excessive iodine intake in the coastal areas in China.Methods A large population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in four typical costal provinces along the coastline from north to south,including Liaoning,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Fujian.In addition to survey all of its area of Shanghai,the other three provinces' investigation was carried out at urban and rural levels,respectively,including 5 costal cities,5 costal villages and 3 inland rural areas(as a control point) in each province.In each investigated spot,the local water iodine,residents qualified iodized salt consumption rate,per capita daily intake of salt and urinary iodine levels in different populations were investigated.Results A total of 7552 copies of drinking water samples,7996 salt samples and 9873 urine samples of different populations(adults,lactating women,pregnant women and children) were collected from the 4 provinces.Except the coastal cities and counties of Zhejiang province,the qualified iodized salt consumption rates at household were all greater than 90％ in the investigated spots.The median urinary iodine(MUI) of adults and children investigated in the costal areas were in the range of 100 - 299μg/L.The MUIs of lactating women of all investigated areas were all greater than 100 μg/L.The MUI of pregnant women was at an insufficient iodine level which was lower than 150 μg/L in Shanghai,the costal cities of Zhejiang and the coastal counties of Fujian.Conclusions The overall level of iodine nutrition of coastal residents is appropriate; and it is insufficient among pregnant women in some coastal areas; coastal areas should adhere to the salt iodization measures to control iodine deficiency disorders.