2010年陕西省定边县鼠疫自然疫源地东方田鼠生态学调查

目的 了解鼠疫疫源地鼠种构成、鼠密度变化情况及带菌率,为鼠疫的防治提供依据.方法 2010年10、11月,按照《全国鼠疫监测方案》要求,在定边县定边镇北园子村北部,采用一日弓形夹法和5m夹线法进行宿主动物监测,并对宿主肝、脾进行鼠疫菌培养鉴定.结果 一日弓形夹法捕鼠112只,平均鼠密度为8.62只/hm2,其中长爪沙鼠100只,东方田鼠5只,达乌尔鼠兔3只,子午沙鼠2只,小家鼠和黑线仓鼠各1只.5m夹线法捕鼠173只,其中小家鼠136只,黑线仓鼠36只,东方田鼠1只.东方田鼠在定边县现行鼠疫疫区鄂尔多斯高原荒漠草原南部边缘地带盐碱滩地中捕获,东方田鼠及其他捕获鼠体内未检出鼠疫菌.结论 首次在陕西省鼠疫疫源地发现东方田鼠,增添了该鼠在陕西省新的地理分布区,东方田鼠在陕西省鼠疫疫源地的流行病学意义有待进一步探讨.

Ecology survey of Microtus fortis in natural foci of plague in Dingbian town Shaanxi province in 2010

Objective To investigate the constitution,density changes and carrier rate about Yersinia pestis of rodents in plague foci,and to provide the scientific evidence for plague prevention.Methods According to the program of national monitoring plague,two survey procedures,namely quadrat of single-ha for 24 h and 5 m mouse jam,were used to monitor the host animals; culture and identification of Yersinia pestis in liver or spleen of the experimental animals was carried out by using self-made medium in the north of Beiyuanzi village in Dingbian town Shaanxi province.Results One hundred twelve rodents were captured using the first procedures and the rodent average density was 8.62 ind./hm2 and six species of rodents were found namely Meriones unguiculatus ( 100 individuals),Microtusfortis(5 individuals),Ochotona daurica(3 individuals),Meriones meridianus (2 individuals),Mus musculus Linnaeus (1 individual) and Cricetulus barabensis (1 individual).One hundred seventy-three field mouses were captured using the second procedures including Mus musculus Linnaeus (136 individuals),Cricetulus barabensis (36 individuals),and Microtus fortis ( 1 individual ).Among them,Microtus fortis was found in the salt marshes in the southern edge of Ordos Plateau steppe in plague area of Dingbian county.Yersinia pestis was not identified in all animals.Conclusions Microtus fortis is found in natural foci of plague in Shaanxi province for the first time,and a new geographic region was found.Its epidemiological significance needs further study.