海南岛4种常见蜚蠊遗传多态性的初步研究

目的探讨海南岛常见蜚蠊遗传多态性，寻找蜚蠊分类的分子标记。方法采用随机扩增DNA多态性（RAPD）技术对美洲大蠊、澳洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊和褐斑大蠊进行随机扩增，分析DNA图谱、计算遗传距离并绘出亲缘关系聚类图。结果筛选出4条随机引物，扩增出122个条带，其中多态性条带占71．31％。根据RAPD图谱计算出4种蜚蠊间的遗传距离，以澳洲大蠊和黑胸大蠊间遗传距离最短，褐斑大蠊和美洲大蠊间距离最长。根据4种蜚蠊遗传距离构建出的系统聚类图中，黑胸大蠊先与澳洲大蠊聚成一簇，再与褐斑大蠊、美洲大蠊相聚类。结论蜚蠊基因组DNA遗传多态性丰富，RAPD技术能够反映出不蚓蜚蠊间的亲缘关系，并可准确进行蜚蠊分类。

Preliminary study on genetic polymorphism among four species of cockroaches in Hainan Island

Objective To investigate genetic polymorphism among four species of cockroaches in Hainan Island and find the molecular marker of cockroach classification.Methods Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)were used to amplify the DNA from Periplaneta americana,P.australasiae,P.fuliginosa and P.brunnea,and the RAPD results were used to compute genetic distances and draw genetic relationship clustering map.Results Four random primers were selected,and 122 electrophoresis bands with different molecular weight were amplified,71.31% of which were polymorphic bands.By analyses,the minimum genetic distance was 0.0345 between P.australasiae and P.fuliginosa,while the maximum was 0.1429 between P.americana and P.brunnea.In the phylogenetic tree,P.fuliginosa was clustered with P.australasiae firstly,and then clustered with P.brunnea,and P.americana.Conclusion The genome DNA of cockroach was highly polymorphic.And RAPD could be used to reflect the genetic relationship among cockroaches and classify accurately.