Occupational exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
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Authors: | Ken K. Karipidis Geza Benke Malcolm R. Sim Timo Kauppinen Anne Kricker Ann Maree Hughes Andrew E. Grulich Claire M. Vajdic John Kaldor Bruce Armstrong Lin Fritschi |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;(2) Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, 619 Lower Plenty Road, Yallambie, VIC, 3085, Australia;(3) Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland;(4) School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;(5) Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK;(6) National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;(7) Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia |
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Abstract: | Objective To investigate the association between occupational exposure to ionizing, ultraviolet (UV), radiofrequency (RF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation and risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a population-based case-control study. Methods The study population consisted of 694 NHL cases, first diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2001, and 694 controls from two regions in Australia, matched by age, sex and region of residence. A detailed occupation history was first obtained using a lifetime calendar and a telephone interview. Exposure to radiation was then assessed using a Finnish job-exposure matrix (FINJEM). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from logistic regression models that included the matching variables as covariates. Results For ionizing radiation, the ORs were close to unity. For UV and ELF radiation, the highest exposed group of workers had ORs of 1.32 (95% CI = 0.96–1.81) and 1.25 (95% CI = 0.91–1.72), respectively. For UV radiation there was a positive dose–response when exposure was lagged by 5 and 10 years (P for trend 0.04 for both lag periods). Workers in the upper tertile of exposure for RF radiation had an OR of 3.15 (95% CI = 0.63–15.87), but the estimate was based on very small numbers. Conclusions Our results do not provide support for an association between NHL and occupational exposure to ionizing or ELF radiation. For UV radiation, our findings are consistent with a weak positive association. Further investigation focusing on UV and RF radiation and NHL is required. |
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Keywords: | Case-control studies Job exposure matrix Radiation Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Occupational exposure |
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