Influence of Physical Activity on Ultrasound and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Bone Measurements in Peripubertal Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study |
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Authors: | M Lehtonen-Veromaa T Möttönen I Nuotio O J Heinonen J Viikari |
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Institution: | (1) Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sport & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, FI;(2) Department of Medicine, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland, FI |
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Abstract: | The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether two types of physical exercise affect the growing skeleton
differently. We used calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measurements (QUS) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for measurement
of bone mineral density (BMD), and to test how QUS values reflect the axial DXA values in these various study groups. A total
of 184 peripubertal Caucasian girls aged 11–17 years (65 gymnasts, 63 runners, and 56 nonathletic controls) were studied.
Weight, height, stage of puberty, years of training, and the amount of leisure-time physical activity were recorded. Broadband
ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and sound of speed (SOS) through the calcaneus were measured. The BMD of the femoral neck and
the lumbar spine were measured by DXA. The differences in mean values of bone measurements among each exercise group were
more evident in pubertal than prepubertal girls. The mean BUA and SOS values of the pubertal gymnasts were 13.7% (77.8 dB/MHz
versus 68.4 dB/MHz, P < 0.05) and 2.2% (1607.7 m/s versus 1572.4 m/s, P < 0.001) higher than of the controls, respectively. The mean BMD of the femoral neck in the pubertal gymnasts and runners
was 20% (0.989 g/cm2 versus 0.824 g/cm2, P < 0.001) and 9.0% (0.901 g/cm2 versus 0.824 g/cm2, P < 0.05) higher than in the controls, respectively. The amount of physical activity correlated weakly but statistically significantly
with all measured BMD and ultrasonographic values in the pubertal group (r = 0.19–0.35). The correlation between ultrasonographic
parameters and BMD were weak, but significant among pubertal runners (r = 0.47–0.55) and controls (r = 0.39–0.42), whereas
the DXA values of the femoral neck and the ultrasonographic parameters of the calcaneus did not correlate among highly physically
active gymnasts. By stepwise regression analysis, physical activity accounted for much more of the variation in the DXA values
than the ultrasonographic values. We conclude that the beneficial influence of exercise on bone status as measured by ultrasound
and DXA was evident in these peripubertal girls. In highly active gymnasts the increase of the calcaneal ultrasonographic
values did not reflect statistically significantly the BMD values of the femoral neck.
Received: 28 June 1999 / Accepted: 2 November 1999 |
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Keywords: | : Bone mineral density — Ultrasonographic measurement — Physical activity — Girls — Peripubertal |
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