完全母乳喂养婴儿超重的危险因素分析

目的探讨3～4月龄完全母乳喂养婴儿发生超重的危险因素,为儿童肥胖的早期干预提供理论依据。方法选取2009年7-10月青岛大学医学院附属医院和青岛市市北区妇幼保健院符合条件的3～4月龄婴儿340名作为研究对象。男182例(53.5%),女158例(46.5%)。自行设计婴儿生长发育情况调查问卷,对抚养者进行一般状况和婴儿超重危险因素调查;测量婴儿的体格生长指标。按照喂养方式的不同分为完全母乳喂养婴儿组(162例)和非完全母乳喂养婴儿组(178例)。应用病例对照研究的方法探讨完全母乳喂养婴儿发生超重的危险因素。结果 3～4月龄婴儿超重的流行情况:3～4月龄婴儿超重检出率为17.6%,男婴和女婴的超重检出率分别为16.5%、19.0%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.365,P=0.546)。完全母乳喂养组婴儿的超重检出率高于非完全母乳喂养组婴儿(χ2=4.457,P=0.035)。完全母乳喂养组男婴的超重检出率(22.2%)高于非完全母乳喂养组男婴(13.5%)(χ2=6.108,P=0.013),而2种不同喂养方式组女婴的超重检出率差异无统计学意义。3～4月龄完全母乳喂养婴儿超重的危险因素:父亲文化水平高、经阴道分娩、每次喂养持续时间长、喂养间隔时间短以及夜间喂养次数较多是3～4月龄完全母乳喂养婴儿发生超重的危险因素。结论完全母乳喂养婴儿超重现象较严重,为预防超重发生,改善喂养行为是重要的。

Analysis of Risk Factors for Overweight in Fully Breastfed Infants

Objective To explore the risk factors for overweight in fully breastfed infants aged 3-4 months,and to provide theoretical evidence for early intervention of childhood obesity. Methods There were 340 infants aged 3-4 months recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University and the Women and Children Health Care Institute in the Shibei District of Qingdao from Jul.to Oct.in 2009.Among them,182 were boys(53.5%)and 158 were girls(46.5%).The general conditions in infants and possible relevant risk factors for overweight were investigated by self-made checklists which were filled in by their caregivers.Weight and length in infants were mea-sured by professional person.All infants were divided into fully breastfed group(162 cases) and non-fully breastfed group(178 cases) according to different feeding methods.Case-control study was conducted to study the risk factors for overweight in fully breastfed infants. Results The prevalence of overweight in infants aged 3-4 months:The prevalence rate of overweight in infants aged 3-4 months was 17.6%,male and female were 16.5% and 19.0%,respectively.No statistical differences were found between them(χ2=0.365,P=0.546).The prevalence rate of overweight in fully breastfed infants was higher than that in non-fully breastfed infants,and statistically differences were found between them(χ2=4.457,P=0.035).For male infants,the prevalence rate of overweight in fully breastfed was higher than that of non-fully breastfed,and statistically differences were found(χ2=6.108,P=0.013),while for female infants,there were no significant differences between them.Risk factors of overweight in fully breastfed infants aged 3-4 months were revealed by Logistic regression analysis.Vaginal delivery,longer duration of feeding all the time,shorter feeding intervals,more frequent feeding during night and higher education level of father were associated with overweight in fully breastfed infants aged 3-4 months. Conclusions The prevalence rate of overweight in fully breastfed infants aged 3-4 months is serious.It is important to improve feeding behaviors in order to prevent the occurrence of overweight in infants.