受虐待小学生感觉统合能力的发展特点及其与虐待经历的关系

目的 探讨受虐待小学生感觉统合能力的发展特点及其与各种儿童虐待形式的关系.方法 对179例小学生进行了儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)和儿童感觉统合能力发展评定量表(SIFS)测试.结果 受虐待组小学生SIFS各因子分均低于无虐待组,9～10岁组在学习能力发展维度的得分高于11～12岁组[(34.20±6.02)分vs(31.85±7.92)分,t=2.26,P＜0.05];男女生之间SIFS各因子分没有明显差异.PRCA各因子分和总分与SIFS各因子分呈负相关(r=-0.154～-0.513,P＜0.05或P＜0.01).忽视对大肌肉及平衡、触觉防御及情绪、本体感不佳和学习能力发展不良均具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.161～-0.309,t=-2.126～-4.722,P＜0.05或P＜0.01);性虐待对大肌肉及平衡、本体感不佳和学习能力发展不良具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.213～-0.293,t=-2.778～-3.967,P＜0.01);情感虐待对触觉防御及情绪和学习能力发展不良具有负向预测作用(Beta值=-0.168～-0.201,t=-2.375～-2.771,P＜0.05或P＜0.01);本研究中未发现躯体虐待有任何预测作用.结论 儿童虐待可对小学生感觉统合能力的发展造成不良影响,情感虐待、忽视和性虐待可显著预测个体的感觉统合能力发展水平.

Development Character of Sensory Integrative Function in Pupils Abused and Its Relationship with Childhood Abuse

Objective To study the developmental characteristics of sensory integrative function in 4 grade pupils abused, and to explore its relationship with childhood abuse. Methods 179 elementary school students abused were investigated by applying Personal Report of Childhood Abuse (PRCA) and Sensory Integrative Function Scale(SIFS). Results Compared with no-abused pupils, the pupils abused had significantly lower factor scores of SIFS. All factors of PRCA were significantly correlated with SIFS (r=-0.154~-0.513,P<0.05 or P<0.01). Neglect factor had remarkable passive predictable functions on all subscales of SIFS (Beta=-0.161~-0.309,t=-2.126~-4.722,P<0.05 or P<0.01). Sexual abuse factor had obvious passive predictable functions on mass motor and balance, mal-coordination and abilities of learning (Beta=-0.213~-0.293,t=-2.778~-3.967,P<0.01). Emotional abuse factor had striking passive predictable functions on touch excessive defense and abilities of learning (Beta=-0.168~-0.201,t=-2.375~-2.771,P<0.05 or P<0.01). Physical abuse factor had no predictable functions on sensory integrative function. Conclusion Childhood abuse can severely impact pupils' sensory integrative function. The pupils' sensory integrative function passively predicted by emotional abuse factor, neglect factor and sexual abuse factor.