骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的研究现状

背景：股骨头缺血性坏死发生在高承重区的髋关节，是一种特殊形式的无菌性骨坏死。骨髓间充质干细胞可能对坏死的股骨头具有很好的修复作用。 目的：了解骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的研究进展，为进一步研究打下基础。 方法：以Avascular necrosis of femur head，Femur head necrosis，Osteonecrosis，Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells，Mesenchymal stem cells，Multipotent stem cells为检索词，检索Pubmed数据库(2000-01/2009-04)；以股骨头缺血性坏死，骨髓间充质干细胞为检索词，检索CNKI数据库(1989-01/2009-04)。文献检索语种限制为英文和中文。纳入研究骨髓间充质干细胞的生物特性和功能、股骨头缺血性坏死的病因和病理、骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的相关研究；排除重复文献。 结果与结论：计算机初检得到800余篇文献，根据纳入排除标准，对其中38篇文献进行分析。骨髓间充质干细胞在适当的培养条件下可以分化为软骨细胞、骨细胞和脂肪细胞。随着干细胞工程的发展，骨髓间充质干细胞移植可能是一种修复骨坏死有效的治疗方法。文章叙述了股骨头缺血性坏死的病因、病理，分析了骨髓间质干细胞治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的理论依据，通过比较国内外骨髓间质干细胞移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的动物实验研究和临床实验研究，来证实骨髓间充质干细胞治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的效果，希望以此找到更好的治疗方法。

Research progress in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation

BACKGROUND: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurs in the hip joints at high load-bearing areas, it is a special form of aseptic bone necrosis. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells may have an excellent repair effect for the necrosis of femoral head. OBJECTIVE: To understand bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of early avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and to lay a foundation for further study. METHODS: Taking avascular necrosis of femur head, femur head necrosis, osteonecrosis, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, multipotent stem cells in English as search terms, Pubmed database from January 2000 to April 2009 was retrieved; Taking avascular necrosis and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in Chinese as search terms, CNKI database from January 1989 to April 2009 was searched. Literatures were limited to English and Chinese languages. Inclusive criteria: Study of the biological characteristics and functions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the etiology and pathology of avascular necrosis of femoral head, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of avascular necrosis; Exclusive criteria: duplication of documents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: More than 800 literatures were screened out by computer search, according to inclusive and exclusive criteria, 38 documents of which were involved for analysis. Marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteocytes and dipocytes under suitable cultural condition. With the development of stem cell engineering, marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation becomes an effective method for repairing osteonecrosis. This article describes the cause and the pathology of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, analyzes the theory basis for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head with marrow mesenchymal stem cell, and verifies its effect through comparing both animal and clinical experiments of this aspect at home and abroad, with the hope of seeking a better treatment.