健康教育对青少年变应性鼻炎患者疾病认知水平及生活质量影响的研究

目的探讨健康教育对青少年变应性鼻炎患者认知水平及生活质量的影响,为健康教育和干预策略提供依据。方法选择2013年2—12月确诊且符合入选条件的150例青少年变应性鼻炎患者作为研究对象,按照入院时间随机分为干预组和对照组,每组75例,观察组给予个性化的健康教育,对照组仅告知常规治疗后进行复查,干预6个月后进行疾病认知水平和生活质量的效果评价。结果干预前,干预组与对照组患者对疾病相关知识的知晓情况、生活质量各维度得分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。干预后,观察组患者对疾病的认知水平,如变应性鼻炎的病因（86.7%）、临床表现（88.0%）、治疗方法 （85.3%）、日常预防知识（82.7%）、合理用药知识（84.0%）、变应原检测的意义（82.7%）、健康心理的重要性（84.0%）等知识均高于对照组（P〈0.01）。观察组患者生活质量各维度得分,如生理功能（82.13±7.52）、生理职能（75.81±9.08）等维度得分均高于自身干预前得分及对照组干预后得分（P〈0.01）。观察组患者服药依从性（85.33%）、饮食治疗依从性（82.67%）、日常生活依从性（81.33%）、复查依从性（86.67%）均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论健康教育能有效提高青少年变应性鼻炎患者的疾病认知水平、改善患者的生活质量、减轻患者的心理症状、提高患者的治疗依从性。

Effect of health education on cognitive of disease and quality of life among teenager patients with allergic rhinitis

Objective To explore the effect of health education on cognitive level of disease and quality of life in teenager patients with allergic rhinltis （ AR）, and provide evidence for development of health education and intervention strategies. Methods Totally eligible 150 patients with AR were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 75 patients in each group. The observation group received personalized health education and the control group was only in- formed to come back to the hospital after the medication had run out. All patients were followed up for a period of 6 months for the effect evaluation of cognitive level of disease and quality of life. Results There is no difference on the cognitive level of the disease and quality of life between the observation group and the control group before intervention （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. After the intervention, the observation group had a higher cognitive level than the control group （P 〈 0. 01 ）, such as the cause of allergic rhinitis （ 86. 7% ）, clinical feature （ 88.0% ）, therapeutic method （ 85.3% ）, daily prevention knowledge （82. 7% ）, the rational use of drugs （84.0%）, the meaning of allergen detection （82. 7%） and the importance of healthy psychology （ 84. 0% ）. The each dimension score of quality of life in observation group were higher than that in con- trol group and their scores before intervention （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Physiological function （82. 13 ± 7. 52 ） , role physical （75.81 ±9. 08） and other dimensions. Medication compliance （85.33%）, diet therapy compliance （82. 67% ）, daily life com- pliance （81.33%） and the review of compliance （86. 67% ） in observation group were higher than those in control group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Health education can improve the cognitive level of disease and the quality of life as well as the treatment compliance, and reduce the patient＇ s psychological symptoms.