儿童甲型流感并发神经系统症状的临床研究

目的 了解儿童甲型流感(简称甲流)并发神经系统症状的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析2019年1～12月西安交通大学附属西安市儿童医院经实验室确诊为甲流,且伴有神经系统症状患儿的临床资料.结果 共有895名患儿确诊为甲流.291例(32.5％)并发神经系统症状,男孩发生率高于女孩(P<0.05),幼儿期发生率高于其他年龄组(...

A clinical study of influenza A virus infection with neurological symptoms in children

Objective To study the clinical features of children with influenza A virus infection and neurological symptoms. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of children with laboratory-confirmed influenza A and neurological symptoms who were treated in Xi’an Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University from January to December, 2019. Results A total of 895 children were diagnosed with influenza A, among whom 291 had neurological symptoms. Boys had a significantly higher incidence rate of influenza A than girls (P < 0.05), and the children aged 1-3 years had a significantly higher incidence rate than the other age groups (P < 0.05). Common neurological symptoms included seizures (97.3%), vomiting (24.1%), and headache (7.2%). Febrile seizures were the most common type of seizures, accounting for 88%. There was no significant difference in the time from disease onset to seizures and frequency seizures between the children with a history of febrile seizures and those without such history (P > 0.05). Of all the children, 3 were diagnosed with acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), all of whom were girls and suffered seizures; the time from the first seizures to the occurrence of disturbance of consciousness was 0-7 hours, and 2 girls died within 2 days after disease onset. All children, except 2 who died of ANE and 1 with neurological sequelae, were cured. Conclusions There is a high incidence rate of neurological symptoms in children with influenza A, and seizures are the most common symptom. Most of the patients with neurological symptoms tend to have a good prognosis, but those with ANE may have a poor prognosis.