极早产儿存活率和并发症的多中心回顾性研究

目的 研究极早产儿存活率和严重并发症发生情况，并分析其影响因素。 方法 回顾性收集2018年1月至2019年12月江苏省11家医院新生儿科收治的极早产儿（胎龄<32周）的一般资料，分析其存活率和严重并发症发生情况，采用多因素logistic回归分析评估极早产儿死亡和严重并发症发生的危险因素。 结果 共纳入极早产儿2 339例，其中存活2 010例（85.93%），无严重并发症存活1 507例（64.43%）。胎龄22~25⁺⁶周、26~26⁺⁶周、27~27⁺⁶周、28~28⁺⁶周、29~29⁺⁶周、30~30⁺⁶周、31~31⁺⁶周各组极早产儿存活率分别是32.5%、60.6%、68.0%、82.9%、90.1%、92.3%、94.8%，随着胎龄增加，存活率呈升高趋势（P<0.05）；相同胎龄分组下无严重并发症存活率分别是7.5%、18.1%、34.5%、52.2%、66.7%、75.7%、81.8%，随着胎龄增加，无严重并发症存活率呈升高趋势（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，胎龄大、出生体重大、母亲产前使用糖皮质激素是极早产儿死亡的保护因素（P<0.05），而1 min Apgar评分≤3分是极早产儿死亡的危险因素（P<0.05）；胎龄大、出生体重大是存活极早产儿发生严重并发症的保护因素（P<0.05），而5 min Apgar评分≤3分、母亲绒毛膜羊膜炎是存活极早产儿发生严重并发症的危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论 极早产儿存活率与胎龄密切相关。1 min Apgar评分≤3分可增加极早产儿死亡的风险，而胎龄大、出生体重大、母亲产前使用糖皮质激素与死亡风险降低有关。5 min Apgar评分≤3分和母亲绒毛膜羊膜炎可增加极早产儿严重并发症发生的风险，而胎龄大、出生体重大可降低严重并发症发生的风险。

A multicenter retrospective study on survival rate and complications of very preterm infants

Objective To study the survival rate and the incidence of complications of very preterm infants and the factors influencing the survival rate and the incidence of complications. Methods The medical data of the very preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology in 11 hospitals of Jiangsu Province in China from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Their survival rate and the incidence of serious complications were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for death and serious complications in very preterm infants. Results A total of 2 339 very preterm infants were enrolled, among whom 2 010 (85.93%) survived and 1 507 (64.43%) survived without serious complications. The groups with a gestational age of 22-25+6 weeks, 26-26+6 weeks, 27-27+6 weeks, 28-28+6 weeks, 29-29+6 weeks, 30-30+6 weeks, and 31-31+6 weeks had a survival rate of 32.5%, 60.6%, 68.0%, 82.9%, 90.1%, 92.3%, and 94.8% respectively. The survival rate tended to increase with the gestational age (P<0.05) and the survival rate without serious complications in each gestational age group was 7.5%, 18.1%, 34.5%, 52.2%, 66.7%, 75.7%, and 81.8% respectively, suggesting that the survival rate without serious complications increased with the gestational age (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high gestational age, high birth weight, and prenatal use of glucocorticoids were protective factors against death in very preterm infants (P<0.05), and 1-minute Apgar score ≤3 was a risk factor for death in very preterm infants (P<0.05); high gestational age and high birth weight were protective factors against serious complications in very preterm infants who survived (P<0.05), while 5-minute Apgar score ≤3 and maternal chorioamnionitis were risk factors for serious complications in very preterm infants who survived (P<0.05). Conclusions The survival rate is closely associated with gestational age in very preterm infants. A low 1-minute Apgar score (≤3) may increase the risk of death in very preterm infants, while high gestational age, high birth weight, and prenatal use of glucocorticoids are associated with the reduced risk of death. A low 5-minute Apgar score (≤3) and maternal chorioamnionitis may increase the risk of serious complications in these infants, while high gestational age and high birth weight may reduce the risk of serious complications.