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A Fracture Pain Model in the Rat: Adaptation of a Closed Femur Fracture Model to Study Skeletal Pain |
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| Authors: | Freeman Katie T BS; Koewler Nathan J BA; Jimenez-Andrade Juan M PhD&#x;; Buus Ryan J BA&#x;; Herrera Monica B MD ; Martin Carl D BA; Ghilardi Joseph R BS&#x;; Kuskowski Michael A PhD#; Mantyh Patrick W PhD |
| Institution: | Freeman, Katie T. B.S.*; Koewler, Nathan J. B.A.*; Jimenez-Andrade, Juan M. Ph.D.†; Buus, Ryan J. B.A.‡; Herrera, Monica B. M.D.§; Martin, Carl D. B.A.*; Ghilardi, Joseph R. B.S.∥; Kuskowski, Michael A. Ph.D.#; Mantyh, Patrick W. Ph.D.** |
| Abstract: | Background: Because of the relative lack of understanding of the mechanisms that drive skeletal pain, the purpose of this study was to adapt a previously validated closed femur fracture model to quantitatively evaluate skeletal pain in female and male rats. Methods: Three-month-old female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and a stainless steel pin was inserted into the intramedullary space of the left femur. Three weeks later, the rats were reanesthetized, and left femoral diaphyses were fractured using a standardized impactor device. At 1-21 days after fracture, skeletal pain was measured by quantitatively assessing spontaneous guarding, spontaneous flinching, and weight bearing of the fractured hind limb. Results: Females and males showed highly robust pain behaviors that were maximal at day 1 after fracture and returned gradually to normal nonfractured levels at days 14-21 after fracture. The magnitude of fracture pain was not significantly different at most time points between female and male rats. In both females and males, the pain-related behaviors were attenuated by subcutaneous morphine in a dose-dependent manner. |
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