上海市宝山区中小学生2009和2019年身高发育情况比较

目的 了解中小学生身高发育情况，为开展健康管理工作提供科学依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法，对2009年10所中小学校共计6 923人、2019年6所中小学校共计3 894人开展身高等形态学指标测量和评价。结果 2019年男、女生平均身高均大于2009年同年龄段男、女生，其中男生7～17岁和女生7岁及9～17岁均有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）。男生平均每年段增长2.89 cm（1.68～5.50 cm），女生平均每年段增长2.28 cm（1.31～3.87 cm）。男生身高增长高峰在12～13岁（4.87～5.50 cm），女生身高增长高峰在11～12岁（2.39～3.87 cm）。2019年中小学校男、女生身高发育情况整体好于2009年（P值均＜0.01）。结论 中小学生身高发育情况较好，在不同特征群体间存在差异，有必要持续开展健康监测和干预工作。

A comparative study on body height of primary and middle school students in Shanghai Baoshan District between 2009 and 2019

Objective To study the body height development of primary and middle school students and provide scientific basis for health management. Methods Using cluster random sampling method, the body height of 6 923 students in 10 primary and middle schools in 2009 and 3 894 students in six primary and middle schools in 2019 were measured and evaluated. Results The average body height of boys and girls in 2019 was higher than that of boys and girls of the same age group in 2009.Statistically significant differences were found for boys aged 7 to 17 years and girls aged 7 years and 9 to 17 years(P<0.05). The average annual height increase of boys was 2.89 cm(1.68-5.50 cm), while that of girls was 2.28 cm(1.31-3.87 cm). The body height increase peak of boys was during 12 to 13 years old(4.87-5.50 cm), while that of girls was during 11 to 12 years old(2.39-3.87 cm). The body height development of boys and girls in primary and middle schools in 2019 was better than that in2009(P<0.01). Conclusion Primary and middle school students have good height development, and variances exist between groups with different characteristics, necessitating continuous health monitoring and intervention.