基于潜在类别分析的居民健康生活态度与行为变化阶段研究

目的 了解居民健康生活态度的潜在类别及其与行为变化阶段之间的关系。方法 于2019年1—3月对山西省18岁以上居民进行问卷调查，内容包括基本人口学特征、健康生活态度、健康行为变化阶段。采用潜在类别分析方法对研究对象的健康生活态度进行分型，比较不同健康生活态度居民的行为变化阶段。结果 居民健康生活态度可分为“态度积极型”（C1，72.47%），“态度消极型”（C2，14.57%）和“态度不稳定型”（C3，12.96%）3个潜在类别。与“态度积极型”人群相比，“态度消极型”和“态度不稳定型”人群中文化程度在中等教育及以下者较多，学生、农民、工人和商业人员等职业人群比例较高。居民健康行为变化阶段在3类群组中存在显著性差异。结论 山西省居民的健康生活态度具有明显的分类特征，且与行为转变关系密切，提示应针对不同类别人群的健康生活态度进行差异性干预。

Healthy life attitudes and behavior change stage based on latent class analysis

Objective To understand the latent class of residents’ healthy life attitudes and the association with behavioral change stages. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted from January 2019 to March 2019 among residents aged 18 years or older in Shanxi Province, covering basic demographic characteristics, healthy life attitudes, and stages of health behavior change. The latent class analysis(CLA) was performed to classify the healthy life attitudes and compare the behavioral change stages of residents with different healthy life attitudes. Results Residents’ healthy life attitudes were classified as “positive attitude”(Class 1, 72.47%), “negative attitude”(Class 2, 14.57%) and “unstable attitude”(Class 3,12.96%). Compared with the “positive attitude” group, there were more people with secondary education or below and a higher proportion of students, farmers, workers, and businessman in the “negative attitude” and “unstable attitude” groups.Significant differences in healthy behavior stage changes were found among the three groups. Conclusion The healthy life attitudes of residents in Shanxi Province have obvious categorical characteristics and are closely related to behavioral change,suggesting that differential interventions should be made for people with different categories of healthy life attitudes.