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Counting Your Chickens before They're Hatched: Power Analysis
Affiliation:1. Fellow, Department of Foot and Ankle, Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, PA;2. Research Associate, Department of Clinical Education and Research, Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, PA;3. Musculoskeletal Radiologist, Department of Imaging, Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, PA;4. Attending Physician, Department of Foot and Ankle, Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, PA;5. Fellowship Director, Department of Foot and Ankle, Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, PA;1. Director, Foot and Ankle Surgical Residency Program, Regions Hospital and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, St. Paul, MN;2. Chief Resident, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Regions Hospital and HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, St. Paul, MN;1. Assistant Professor, Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;2. Private Practice, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Redlands, CA;3. Associate Professor, Department of Podiatric Surgery, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;1. Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Quirón Madrid, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, España;2. Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, España;3. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España;4. Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Móstoles, Madrid, España;1. Attending Staff, Department of Orthopaedics, Podiatry, and Sports Medicine, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI;2. Postgraduate Year III Resident, Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency Program, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, WI
Abstract:How does an investigator know that he has enough subjects in his study design to have the predicted outcomes appear statistically significant? In this Investigators’ Corner I discuss why such planning is necessary, give an intuitive introduction to the calculations needed to determine required sample sizes, and hint at some of the more technical difficulties inherent in this aspect of study planning.
Keywords:hypothesis testing  power analysis  sample size  statistical significance  Type II error
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