儿童重症监护病房呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析儿童重症监护病房(PICU)呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)病原菌及耐药情况,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年6月武汉市儿童医院PICU收治的46例合并VAP患儿下呼吸道分泌物所分离出的细菌、真菌及其耐药性情况.结果 共分离出病原菌119株,革兰氏阴性(G-)杆菌、革兰氏阳性(G+)球菌和真菌分别占65.55%、13.45%和21.01%;前5位病原菌分别为鲍氏不动杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、白色念珠菌及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌.药敏结果显示,G-杆菌和G+球菌对临床常用抗菌药物均存在不同程度耐药性,多重耐药现象严重.G-杆菌对阿米卡星、环丙沙星、亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、派拉西林/他唑巴坦较为敏感;G+球菌均对万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺敏感;真菌普遍敏感.结论 VAP病原菌以G-杆菌为主且呈多重耐药性.临床上应对VAP进行规范性、连续性耐药性监测,并依据细菌病原学及耐药性合理选择抗菌药物,同时加强机械通气管理以及医院环境消毒,降低VAP发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To study the pathogenic bacteria strains with drug-resistance prevailing in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit(PICU)in order to provide a reasonable guidance to the clinical use of suitable antibiotics.Method A retrospective clinical study in 46 patients with VAP was carried out in PICU of Wuhan Children's Hospital between January 2008 and June 2010.The prevalent strains of the pathogenic bacteria with drug-resistance isolated from lower respiratory tract by aspiration were analyzed.Results In total,119 pathogenic microbial strains were isolated including Gram-negative bacilli(G-,65.55%),fungi(21.01%)and Gram-positive cocci(G+,13.45%).Among pathogens,the most common pathogenic strains were Acinetobacter baummannii, Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,candida albicans and coagulase-negative staphylococci.Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that the situation of the multiple drug-resistances to antibiotics found in G- and G+ Was serious. Most of G- were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, imipenem, meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbaetam and piperacillin-tazobactam.The G+ cocci were 100% susceptibility to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid.Fungi were almost sensitive to all the anti-funaus agents. Conclusions The oredominant oathogens of VAP were G- bacilli,and their multiple drug-resistances to antibiotics were the serious problems.The monitoring of the drugresistance should be emphasized, and the option of antibiotics should depend on the antibiotic sensitivity test.

Prevalent strains of pathogens with antibiotic resistance isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit

Objective To study the pathogenic bacteria strains with drug-resistance prevailing in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit(PICU)in order to provide a reasonable guidance to the clinical use of suitable antibiotics.Method A retrospective clinical study in 46 patients with VAP was carried out in PICU of Wuhan Children's Hospital between January 2008 and June 2010.The prevalent strains of the pathogenic bacteria with drug-resistance isolated from lower respiratory tract by aspiration were analyzed.Results In total,119 pathogenic microbial strains were isolated including Gram-negative bacilli(G-,65.55%),fungi(21.01%)and Gram-positive cocci(G+,13.45%).Among pathogens,the most common pathogenic strains were Acinetobacter baummannii, Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,candida albicans and coagulase-negative staphylococci.Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that the situation of the multiple drug-resistances to antibiotics found in G- and G+ Was serious. Most of G- were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, imipenem, meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbaetam and piperacillin-tazobactam.The G+ cocci were 100% susceptibility to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid.Fungi were almost sensitive to all the anti-funaus agents. Conclusions The oredominant oathogens of VAP were G- bacilli,and their multiple drug-resistances to antibiotics were the serious problems.The monitoring of the drugresistance should be emphasized, and the option of antibiotics should depend on the antibiotic sensitivity test.