Glycated Hemoglobin and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in People Without Diabetes |
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| Authors: | Xavier Rossello Sergio Raposeiras-Roubin Belén Oliva Fátima Sánchez-Cabo José M. García-Ruíz Francisca Caimari José M. Mendiguren Enrique Lara-Pezzi Héctor Bueno Leticia Fernández-Friera Antonio Fernández-Ortiz Javier Sanz Borja Ibanez Valentin Fuster |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain;2. CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares, Madrid, Spain;3. Cardiology Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain;4. Cardiology Department, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain;5. Endocrinology & Diabetes Department, Hospital Juaneda Miramar, Palma, Spain;6. Banco de Santander, Madrid, Spain;7. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain;8. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;9. Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain;10. Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain;11. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain;12. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA;13. IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe metabolic injury caused by protein glycation, monitored as the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), is not represented in most risk scores (i.e., Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scale).ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the association between HbA1c and the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) and to better identify individuals at higher risk of extensive SA using HbA1c on top of key cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs).MethodsA cohort of 3,973 middle-aged individuals from the PESA (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) study, with no history of cardiovascular disease and with HbA1c in the nondiabetic range, were assessed for the presence and extent of SA by 2-dimensional vascular ultrasound and noncontrast cardiac computed tomography.ResultsAfter adjusting for established CVRFs, HbA1c showed an association with the multiterritorial extent of SA (odds ratio: 1.05, 1.27, 1.27, 1.36, 1.80, 1.87, and 2.47 for HbA1c 4.9% to 5.0%, 5.1% to 5.2%, 5.3% to 5.4%, 5.5% to 5.6%, 5.7% to 5.8%, 5.9% to 6.0%, and 6.1% to 6.4%, respectively; reference HbA1c ≤4.8%; p < 0.001). The association was significant in all pre-diabetes groups and even below the pre-diabetes cut-off (HbA1c 5.5% to 5.6% odds ratio: 1.36 [95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.80]; p = 0.033). High HbA1c was associated with an increased risk of SA in low-risk individuals (p < 0.001), but not in moderate-risk individuals (p = 0.335). Relative risk estimations using Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease predictors confirmed that inclusion of HbA1c modified the risk of multiterritorial SA in most risk categories.ConclusionsRoutine use of HbA1c can identify asymptomatic individuals at higher risk of SA on top of traditional CVRFs. Lifestyle interventions and novel antidiabetic medications might be considered to reduce both HbA1c levels and SA in individuals without diabetes. |
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| Keywords: | diabetes glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) pre-diabetes subclinical atherosclerosis ASCVD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0035" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease CACS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0045" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" coronary artery calcium scoring CV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cardiovascular ESC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" European Society of Cardiology HbA1c" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0075" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" glycated hemoglobin PCE" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0085" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" pooled cohort equations PESA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0095" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis SA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0105" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" subclinical atherosclerosis SCORE" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0115" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation T2DM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0125" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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