Soft tissue response and facial symmetry after orthognathic surgery |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Fachklinik Hornheide, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dorbaumstrasse 300, 48157 Muenster, Germany;2. University Hospital Münster, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Waldeyerstraße 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany;3. University Hospital Münster, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials, Waldeyerstraße 30, 48149 Muenster, Germany;1. Master''s Student of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, UK;2. Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Medical School, Glasgow, UK;3. Senior Software Engineer, Medical Devices Unit, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde; Honorary Research Fellow, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, UK;4. Master''s Student, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, UK;6. Master''s Student in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, UK;1. Section of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Department of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;2. Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;1. Plastic Surgery Resident Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;2. Plastic Surgery Resident Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;3. Associate Professor of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands;2. 3D Facial Imaging Research Group Nijmegen–Bruges, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands;3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands;4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveIn orthognathic surgery aesthetic issues and facial symmetry are vital parameters in surgical planning. Aim of this investigation was to document and analyze the results of orthognathic surgery on the base of a three-dimensional photogrammetric assessment, to assess the soft tissue response related to the skeletal shift and the alterations in facial symmetry after orthognathic surgery.Patients and methodsIn this prospective clinical trial from January 2010 to June 2011, 104 patients were examined who underwent orthognathic surgery due to mono- or bimaxillary dysgnathia. The standardized measurements, based on optical 3D face scans, took place one day before orthognathic surgery (T1) and one day before removal of osteosynthesis material (T2).ResultsSoft tissue changes after procedures involving the mandible showed significant positive correlations and strong soft tissue response (p < 0.05). The midfacial soft tissue response after maxillary advancement was only of minor extent (p > 0.05). The facial surfaces became more symmetric and harmonic with the exception of surgical maxillary expansion, but improvement of facial symmetry revealed no statistical significance.ConclusionSoft tissue response after orthognathic surgery and symmetry are only partially predictable, especially in the maxillary and midfacial region. Computer programs predicting soft tissue changes are not currently safely reliable and should not be used or with caution to demonstrate a patient potential outcome of surgery. |
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| Keywords: | Symmetry Orthognathic surgery Soft tissue changes Three-dimensional Face scan Profile |
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