Normal emotion regulation in adults with cleft lip and palate: An exploratory study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;2. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany;3. Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;4. Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;5. Medical Psychology, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany;6. Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;1. Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ghods St., Enghelab Ave., P.O. Box: 14155-5583, 14174 Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar St., Tehran, Iran;3. School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar St., Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, and Burn Unity Hospital de São João, Porto Medical School, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4202-451 Porto, Portugal;2. CMUP – Center for Mathematics of University of Porto, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;3. Spinal Neuronal Networks Group, IBMC – Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. med. dent. Max Heiland), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. med. dent. Jürgen Hoffmann), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;3. Doctor''s Office, Kärntner Straße 62, 9900 Lienz, Austria;4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. med. dent. Klaus Dietrich Wolff), Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany;1. Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea;2. National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea;1. Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, United States;2. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz & Research Fellow Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, United States;3. Yale Core Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, United States;4. Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Director of Craniofacial Program, Yale School of Medicine, United States;5. Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States;1. Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;2. Department of Oral Surgery and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria;3. Department of Periodontology, Victor Babes University of Medicine, Timisoara, Romania |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionCleft lip and palate (CLP) represent the most common congenital malformations of the midfacial region. Although these patients show differences in their facial appearance, we hypothesize that CLP-affected individuals do not show an alteration in their emotion regulation abilities compared to unaffected individuals. This is because of the strong biological basis of facial emotion and expression that is inherent and receives little influence from external factors.Material and methodsThe present study evaluated various aspects of emotion regulation in 25 adults with CLP and an equally sized control group of unaffected volunteers. The study was divided into three parts. First, we investigated emotion regulation strategies. Here, each participant was asked to complete the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire G 18 (AEQ-G18). Second, we examined the recognition of facially expressed basic emotions (FEEL test). Third, we evaluated the expression of an emotion induced by an odor sample.ResultsHabitual emotion regulation, measured by ERQ and AEQ-G18, was not different between CLP and controls subjects for all of the sub-scales. Recognition of facially expressed basic emotions was also the same for both groups. Facial emotion encoding did not differ for both groups.ConclusionsTo summarize, the findings suggest that individuals with an orofacial cleft show undisturbed emotion regulation and recognition. This may be explained by the strong biological basis of facial emotion recognition and regulation as well as by the healthy emotional resilience and social functioning of CLP patients. |
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| Keywords: | Cleft lip and palate Craniofacial malformation Emotion regulation Facial expression |
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