A large Finnish echovirus 30 outbreak was preceded by silent circulation of the same genotype |
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Authors: | Carita Savolainen-Kopra Anja Paananen Soile Blomqvist Päivi Klemola Marja-Leena Simonen Maija Lappalainen Tytti Vuorinen Markku Kuusi Philippe Lemey Merja Roivainen |
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Institution: | (1) Intestinal Viruses Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PB 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland;(2) Department of Virology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital, Laboratory Services (HUSLAB), Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki, Finland;(3) Department of Virology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland;(4) Epidemiologic Surveillance and Response Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PB 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland;(5) Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium |
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Abstract: | An outbreak of echovirus 30 (E-30) in 2009 was confirmed by both frequent isolation of the virus from sewage as well as from
patient samples in Finland. Over the last 10 years E-30 had only been isolated sporadically in Finland. We here study the
phylogenetic relationships of the strains from the outbreak in the context of E-30 circulation over the last 20 years. The
analyzed region comprised 276 nucleotides in the 5′ end of VP1 (nucleotides 132–407 in the VP1 of the E-30 Bastianni strain).
The Finnish strains were clustered into at least four distinct genogroups, with seven clusters exceeding the genotype demarcation
of 12% and the 2009 epidemic strains forming the largest genogroup VII. Moreover, we detected largely divergent genotypes
in 2007 and 2009. Interestingly, close genetic relatives of the epidemic strains had already been isolated a few years before
the outbreak. Phylodynamic analysis estimated 8.9 years (95% highest posterior density intervals 7.0–11.0) as the age of genogroup
VII, indicating a probable origin and evolutionary history prior to its introduction and epidemic expansion in Finland. Finally,
the most recent common ancestor for the current E-30 diversity dates back to 1939 (95% highest posterior density intervals
1913–1956). |
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