Implant-stimulated interface reactions during collagenous bone matrix-induced bone formation

The sequential cellular reactions in the interface of collagenous bone matrix implants are described. The multistep cascade in response to bone matrix implantation include: binding of fibrin and fibronectin to the implanted matrix, chemotaxis of cells, proliferation of fibroblasts, differentiation into chondroblasts, cartilage formation, vascular invasions, bone formation, remodeling, and bone marrow differentiation. The mechanisms of action is not known. However, several properties governing the implant-cell interface are described. It is possible that bone matrix is a suitable biomaterial with potential applications in periodontal and orthopedic practice.