长期卧床患者皮肤危险因素分析及护理对策

目的调查分析长期卧床患者皮肤危险发生的相关因素,探讨防止或减少皮肤问题发生的护理策略。方法通过对2010年6月至2012年4月间于我院就诊并治疗的长期卧床患者180例,评估入院时皮肤情况,分析患者皮肤危险的相关因素,并针对不同因素,制定相应的个性化护理措施,同时观察评价皮肤危险发生情况。结果 180例患者中,仅9例患者发生皮肤问题,其中6例患者发生压疮,3例患者出现皮炎症状;症状的发生多现于肛周、腹股沟、双臀部等皮肤较薄及皱褶处;经护理实施后,较文献报道的皮肤危险发生率显著下降。结论体位及外力、大小便失禁、感觉运动障碍、营养状况等均会造成皮肤问题的发生,而制定相应的护理干预可有效的预防和控制皮肤危险的发生。

Analysis and Nursing Strategies of Skin Risk Factors for Bedridden Patients

Objective The skin risk factors for bedridden patients were investigated and analyzed in order to explore strategies to prevent or reduce skin problems occuring. Methods 180 bedridden patients were selected from our hospital from June 2010 to April 2012.We assessed their skin condition and analyzed the risk fators when they were admitted to our hospital. Appropriate individualized nursing measures were developed for them according to their skin problem risk factors. The primary outcome was the occurence of skin problems.Results Among those 180 patients, only 9 patients had skin problems, including 6 cases of decubitus and 3 borderline cases of dermatitis.The skin problems mostly occured in crissum, groin, buttocks where skin was thinner with folds. After nursing, the incidence of skin problems was significantly lower than that was reported in other reports. Conclusions Appropriate nursing interventions can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of skin problems which are caused by position, force, incontinence, sensorimotor disorder, nutritional condtition, etc.