袋鼠式护理对促进新生儿的生长发育的研究

目的探讨袋鼠式护理对新生儿体格发育、神经行为及营养状况的影响。方法选取2012年1月至2013年12月从外院转入本院自然分娩的400例足月新生儿为研究对象,根据随机数字表将新生儿分为观察组及对照组各200例,对照组新生儿出生后实施常规性护理,观察组患儿在对照组的基础上实施袋鼠式护理,并在住院期间及患儿出院后每天进行2次半小时袋鼠式护理。两组新生儿分别于干预前、干预后3 d、干预后15 d及干预后30 d采用神经行为功能(NBNA)量表评定两组神经功能。同时于出生后42 d测量两组新生儿头围、体重及身长,并记录两组新生儿营养不良发生情况。结果两组新生儿干预前NBNA各项评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),观察组干预后3 d、15 d、30 d NBNA各项评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿头围增长、体重增长及身长增长显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦、贫血患儿比例显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论袋鼠式护理能促进新生儿神经行为及体格发育,能有效减少婴幼儿营养不良疾病的发生率,促进新生儿健康成长。

Study on the Effect of Kangaroo Care to Promote the Growth of Newborns

Objective To explore the effects of kangaroo care on the physical growth, neurological behavior and nutritional status of newborns. Methods 400 cases of full-term newborns delivered in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups, with 200 cases in each group. The control group was given routine care after delivery, while the observation group was given kangaroo cases on the basis of routine care. The neurological functions of two groups before intervention, and 3 days, 15 days and 30 days after intervention were evaluated by neonatal behavioral neurological assessment （NBNA）. The head circumference, body weight and height of newborns 42 days after birth of two groups were recorded. The incidence of neonatal malnutrition was recorded. Results There were no statistical differences in the NBNA scores before intervention between two group （P〉0.05）, but the NBNA scores at the 3rd days, 15th day and 30th day of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group respectively （P 〈0.05）. The increases of head circumference, body weight and height of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group （P〈0.05）. The incidences of growth retardation, low birth weight, weight loss, anemia of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions Kangaroo care can promote the neurological behavior and physical development, effectively prevent the incidences of diseases of infant malnutrition, and promote the healthy growth of newborns.