2007年江西省农村饮用水卫生状况分析

目的了解江西省农村生活饮用水水质的现状,为政府制订改水政策提供科学依据。方法于2007年,选择江西省22个县进行农村生活饮用水卫生状况(水源类型、取水方式、水质处理情况及饮用人口)调查,每个县设10～11个监测点,于枯水期(3—5月)、丰水期(8—10月),按照GB 5750—1985《生活饮用水标准检验方法》进行水样的采集、保存和分析,按照《农村实施〈生活饮用水卫生标准〉准则》进行评价。结果农村人口8726 958人,饮用集中式供水的占16.76%,以江河水为主要水源;饮用分散式供水的占83.24%,以浅井水和深井水为主要水源;饮用未经任何处理水的人口达88.52%。丰、枯水期各采集水样221件,地面水、地下水水样分别占21.27%和78.73%,其水样合格率分别为43.89%和51.58%。丰、枯水期以地面水为水源水质合格率分别为63.83%和59.57%,以地下水为水源水质合格率分别为38.51%和49.43%。丰水期地面水水质合格率高于地下水,差异有统计学意义(x~2=9.64,P<0.01)。集中式供水、分散式供水分别占40.05%和59.95%。丰、枯水期集中式供水水质合格率分别为62.79%和64.84%,分散式供水水质合格率分别为31.85%和42.31%。丰、枯水期集中式供水水质合格率高于分散式供水,差异均有统计学意义(丰水期:x~2=20.42,P<0.01;枯水期:x~2= 10.88,P<0.01)。超标指标主要为菌落总数和总大肠菌群,其次为pH值、硝酸盐氮、锰、铁、砷及氟化物。结论江西省农村自来水普及率较低,供水方式比较落后,饮水卫生状况仍然不佳。微生物污染是存在的主要卫生问题。

Investigation of Drinking Water Quality in Rural Areas of Jiangxi Province in 2007

Objective To know drinking water quality in the rural areas of Jiangxi province and to provide a scientific basis for making the policy of water improvement.Methods In 2007,twenty-two counties in Jiangxi Province were chosen to investigate the drinking water quality in the rural areas(the types of water source,the ways of water supply,drinking water treatments and population).There were 10-11 monitoring sites in each county.In the dry season(March to May) and wet season(August to October),the water samples were collected,conserved,analyzed and evaluated.Results Of 8 726 568 rural population,16.76% used central water supply taking river water as the water source,83.24%used separate water supply using the shallow and deep layer groundwater as the water source.88.52%of the people consumed the water which was not treated.In wet season and dry season,221 water samples were collected respectively,surface water and groundwater accounted for 21.27%and 78.73% respectively,43.89%and 51.58%of the water samples reached the drinking water standard respectively.In wet season and dry season,the eligible rate of water using surface water as the water source was 63.83%and 59.57%respectively,and it was 38.51% and 49.43%in using groundwater as the water source.In wet season and dry season,the eligible rate of central water supply was 62.79%and 64.84%respectively,it was 31.85%and 42.31%in separate water supply.The total colony count,total coli group,pH, nitrate nitrogen,manganese,iron,arsenic and fluoride were often seen exceeded the related limit.Conclusion The central water supply is not used so widely and microorganism contamination in drinking water is still a main problem in drinking water safety.