GLP-1 receptor signaling: effects on pancreatic beta-cell proliferation and survival |
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Authors: | Buteau J |
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Institution: | Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Université Laval and Centre de Recherche de l'H?pital Laval, 2725 Ch. Ste-Foy, Y-3120, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada. jean.buteau@crhl.ulaval.ca |
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Abstract: | Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance as well as a progressive deterioration of pancreatic beta-cell mass and function. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone secreted by intestinal L cells, is a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetes. GLP-1 analogs and enhancers constitute a novel class of anti-diabetes medications which address both the insulin secretion defect as well as the decline in beta-cell mass. GLP-1 improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, restores glucose competence in glucose-resistant beta-cells, and stimulates insulin gene expression and biosynthesis. Furthermore, GLP-1 acts as a growth factor by promoting beta-cell proliferation, survival and neogenesis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1 signaling induces beta-cell mass expansion. |
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