免疫损害患者肺结核的影像诊断

目的　探讨几种免疫损害疾病并发肺结核患者的X线和CT所见 ,包括糖尿病、肾移植术后及获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (AIDS)。方法　回顾分析合并有肺结核的 2 0例糖尿病患者的胸部CT所见、10例肾移植术后患者的胸部X线片及 2例AIDS患者的CT片。结果　糖尿病并发肺结核的CT表现为 :大片融合性肺实变 (10例 ) ,在单一病变区内有多发小空洞 (9例 ) ,病变不按肺段分布(2例 ) ,多数病变具有卫星灶。肾移植术后并发肺结核的胸部X线表现为 :斑片及大片融合实变(6例 )和粟粒型肺结核 (4例 )。AIDS病合并肺结核的CT表现为 :纵隔淋巴结肿大 (1例 ) ,肺内浸润(1例 )及胸部以外的结核病变 (2例 ) ,包括颈部及腹膜后淋巴结肿大。结论　 3种免疫损害病变患者并发肺结核的主要CT及X线表现为大片融合病变、单一病变内的多发小空洞、粟粒型肺结核、纵隔淋巴结肿大及胸部以外的淋巴结肿大

Imaging diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients

Objective To evaluate CT and X ray features of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic patients, patients post kidney transplantation, and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods We reviewed CT scans in 20 patients with diabetic patients, X ray films in 10 cases after kidney transplantation, and CT scans in 2 patients with AIDS. Results CT features of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic diseases included larger confluent consolidation (10 cases ), multiple small cavities within any given lesion (9 cases ) and nonsegmental distribution (2 cases). Satellite lesions were found in most films. The X ray appearances of pulmonary tuberculosis post kidney transplanation included patch and larger confluent consolidation (6 cases), and miliary tuberculosis(4 cases). The CT findings of pulmonary tuberculosis with AIDS were enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (1 case), pulmonary infiltration (1 case), and extra chest lesions(2 cases) such as enlarged neck lymph nodes and postperitoneal lymph nodes. Conclusion The Main radiological findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients appear larger confluent consolidation, multiple small cavities within a given lesion, miliary tuberculosis, enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, and extra chest enlarged lymph nodes.