产业集群竞争力理论的演变

西方产业集群理论中对产业集群竞争力分析最为著名的有马歇尔的外部经济理论、克鲁格曼的新经济地理学理论和波特新竞争优势理论等。马歇尔是从新古典经济学的角度,通过研究工业组织这种生产要素,间接表明了企业为了追求外部规模经济而集聚。克鲁格曼的新经济地理学产业群模型从理论上证明了制造业(工业)活动倾向于空间集聚的一般性趋势,并阐明由于外在环境的限制,产业区集聚的空间格局可以是多样的,产业集聚空间格局的形成及锁定效应,是经济活动收益递增和运输成本相互作用的产物。迈克尔·波特从组织变革、价值链、经济效率和柔性方面所创造的竞争优势角度重新审视产业集群的形成机理和价值,并提出了国家竞争优势的“钻石模型”。产业集群竞争力理论随着产业集群的不断发展而相应地演变成系统的理论体系,并不断为全球化背景下的区域发展提供新的政策和管制思路。

Evolution of the Theory of the Competitive Force of Industrial Clusters

Among the western theories of industrial clusters,as far as the analysis of the competitive force of industrial clusters is concerned,the most well-known ones include Marshall's theory of external economy,Crugman's theory of new economic geography and Porter's theory of new competitive advantages.The gradual perfection of the theory of the competitive force of industrial clusters provides new ideas of policies and controls for regional development in the context of globalization.With the development of industrial clusters,the theory of competitive force of industrial clusters accordingly evolves into a theoretical system.