医院急诊室的伤害监测情况分析

目的了解伤害病人急诊治疗的情况及其伤害发生的特点及规律,为伤害预防策略的制定提供科学依据.方法自1999年11月21日至2000年11月20日期间,凡因有意或无意导致身体受创伤的伤害者首次就诊于我们监测医院急诊室的病人均为本研究的调查对象,接诊医护人员亲自询问调查对象,统一填写调查表格.结果本研究共收集到2 611名受伤害者的情况,男、女性别比为2.51.意外伤害占伤害总人数的80.8%,其中,道路交通伤占到56.8%,在伤害类型中居首位.不同年龄组的伤害发生构成比不同(P,0.01),20～35岁的伤害病人的构成比最高(占47.2%),在该年龄组中,道路交通伤占76.9%.对不同职业伤害病人的构成比分析显示工人>学生>农民>经商>干部职员>学前儿童(P,0.01).发生于路上的伤害事件占首位(49.3%),其中93%的伤害为道路交通伤,伤害发生部位以头部的构成比最高(36.8%),其中52%是道路交通伤,以冬季发生的受伤害人数最多(占33.2%);自伤/自杀集中发生在9～11月.道路交通伤的受伤害的人数以周末最高(占36%).82%的伤害病人痊愈,14%的伤害病人留下残障,4%的伤害病人医治无效而死亡.结论伤害的急诊室监测资料是有价值的,也是伤害发生情况的重要信息来源,同时体会到伤害的急诊室监测尚存在一些问题及局限性,目前急需探索、发展适合我国体制与实际情况的、具有代表性的全国伤害监测系统.

Analysis of the Injury Surveillance in the Emergency Departments

Objective To understand the characteristics of injuries in patients visited the Emergency Departments (ED) in hospital, and to determine the incidence and cause of major injuries.The aim was to provide the basis for evidence - based strategic planning and evaluation in injury research and prevention.Methods Data from the injury surveillance in the ED of two large hospitals were used in this study. Information on all injured patients visited to the two ED between 21st Nov. 1999 to 20 Nov. 2000 was analysed.Results During the study period, 2 611 injured patients were collected. Of which 28% were sent to the hospital.The male to female ratio was 2.5 : 1.Unintentional injured patients composed 80.8% of all cases and 56.8% injuries were traffic - related injury. Young people aged 20 - 35 years accounted for 47.2% of all injuries, and 76.9% injuries were traffic-related. According to the constituent ratio, the rank of the injured patient's occupations was: Workers > Students > Peasants > Traders > Cadres and Clerks > Preschool children.Most injuries occurred on the road (49.3%), of which 93% injuries were traffic-related injury.Most injures occurred in the winter (33.2% ) . Self- inflicted injures and suicide mainly occurred from September to November.Traffic - related injury mainly occurred during the weekend (36% ) . 82% of all injured patients recovered their health, and 14% of all injured patients were disabled.4% were death.Conclusions Analysis of data from the ED injury surveillance can be an aid in the depiection of the overall severe injury situation in the area and, in this way, will be essential for the implementation, planning and evaluation of preventive interventions aimed at reducing major injuries. It is urgent to explore and develop a typical national injury surveillance system suited to China s conditions.