The incidence of stress symptoms and heart rate variability during sleep and orthostatic test |
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Authors: | Esa Hynynen Niilo Konttinen Ulla Kinnunen Heikki Kyröläinen Heikki Rusko |
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Institution: | 1.KIHU, Research Institute for Olympic Sports,Jyv?skyl?,Finland;2.Department of Psychology,University of Tampere,Tampere,Finland;3.Department of Biology of Physical Activity,University of Jyv?skyl?,Jyv?skyl?,Finland |
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Abstract: | This study examined the relation of self-reported stress to cardiac autonomic modulation in real-life conditions. The participants
for the study were healthy male (N = 59) and female (N = 40) employees (age 40 ± 10 years). A single-item question and a 14-item questionnaire on perceived stress were administered
to the participants before the experimental night. RR-intervals (RRI) were recorded during night sleep and an orthostatic
test after awakening at home. The RRI data were analyzed for heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in time and
frequency domains. Nocturnal urinary stress hormone (cortisol, adrenal and noradrenal) secretion was also analyzed. Based
on the self-reported stress, the participants were divided into either low or high stress group. The results showed that higher
incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with lower HRV in the orthostatic test regardless of age and gender.
Differences between the stress groups in HRV indices were approximately 20–50 and 30–75% in supine and standing positions,
respectively. No difference was found in nocturnal HR, HRV, or stress hormone secretion between the stress groups. Higher
incidence of stress symptoms was significantly associated with greater decrease of HRV from night sleep to the orthostatic
test, as a response to awakening. In conclusion, the present findings support the view that autonomic modulation measured
in the orthostatic test, but not during night sleep, is related to self-reported stress. |
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