重点理工科高校大一新生焦虑状况及相关因素的研究

目的探讨重点理工科学校大一新生焦虑状况及相关因素,为进行针对性的干预提供依据。方法以广东某重点理工高校2007级的大一学生为研究对象,采用自行设计一般项目调查表、状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、应付方式问卷进行测评。结果测查学生不论男女状态焦虑、特质焦虑分均显著高于地方常模;19.29%的学生睡眠质量较差;高状态焦虑组和高特质焦虑组解决问题、求助应付因子分均显著低于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组,而自责、幻想、退避应付因子分则显著高于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组;多元逐步回归分析说明,学生如常采用解决问题应付方式,在一定程度上可避免焦虑的产生,而睡眠质量差、采用自责应对方式则可加重焦虑水平。结论采取有效的认知应对策略其意义是使学生改变应激源,以使其变得威胁较小或变成挑战,把情绪基调训练成兴奋、期待和征服。

Study on the Anxiety States and Their Influencing Factors of the Freshmen in Key Science and Technology Universities

Objective To study the anxiety states and their influencing factors from the freshmen in key .science and technology universities in order to lay a foundation for the pertinent inventions. Methods The 2007 freshmen from one of the key science and technology universities in Guangzhou were asessed with general state questionnaires designed by our own, the STAI, the PSQI, and Coping Mode Questionnaires. Results ①In the study, the scores of the state and trait anxiety of the students were obviously higher than that of the local norm regardless of male or female.②More than 19.29% students are in poor sleeping condition. ③ The scores of problem solving and recourse of the group with high state anxiety and the group with high trait anxiety were obviously lower than that of the group with low state anxiety and the group with low trait anxiety, while the coping factor scores of remorse, illusion, retreat were higher than that of the latter. Multivariate Progressive Regression Analysis illustrated that if the students often adopt coping style of problem solving, to some extent, it can avoid the occurrence of the anxiety, but the poor quality of sleep or adopting the remorse coping style will aggravate the anxiety level. Conclusion The significance of taking effective cognition countermeasures is to make the students change the stress source so that it becomes more challenging instead of threatening. As a result, their emotional tone can be trained into excitement, expectation and conquest.