呼吸内科下呼吸道感染的病原菌谱及耐药性研究

目的对我院呼吸科下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布特点和耐药性进行研究分析。方法回顾我院自2011年1月至2013年1月间收治的961例临床下呼吸道感染住院的患者病例。对患者的痰液标本进行病原菌株的分离,并对其分布和耐药性进行研究。结果 961例标本中共分离培养出菌株309株,阳性率为32.2%,其中革兰阴性菌149株(48.2%),主要为铜绿假单胞菌(58(18.8%))、鲍曼不动杆菌(44(14.2%))和肺炎克雷伯菌(21(6.8%));革兰阳性菌97株(31.4%),主要是金黄色葡萄球菌56株(18.1%),肺炎链球菌23株(7.4%);真菌63株(20.4%),主要为白色念珠菌48株(15.5%)。耐药性试验结果表明:亚胺培南和阿米卡星对革兰阴性菌有较好的敏感性,利奈唑胺和万古霉素对革兰阳性菌敏感性好。结论当前呼吸道细菌的耐药性较大,应结合患者耐药检测结果进行合理的用药。

Analysis of pathogenic bacteria and their drug resistance in patients with lower respiratory infection in the department of respiratory medicine

Objective To investigate the pathogenic bacteria distribution and their drug resistance in patients with lower respiratory infection. Methods 961 patients with lower respiratory tract infections were retrospectively analyzed. The sputum of all patients was collected and cultured, and then the sputum samples were analyzed. Results 309 strains （32. 2% ） were detected out. There were 149 strains of gram-negative bacteria （48.2%）, ineluding 58 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa （ 18.8% ）, 44 strains of aeinetobaeter baumannii （ 14. 2% ） , and 21 trains of klebsiella pneumonia （6. 8% ）. Gram-positive bacteria took up 31.4% , including 56 strains of staphylococcus aureus （18. 1% ） and 23 trains of streptococcus pneumonia （7.4%）. Fungi took up 15.5%. Conclusion Most bacteria in patients with lower respiratory infection show a certain resistance to many antibiotics. Therefore, the rational use of antibiotics is very important for the containment of bacterial resistance.