老年轻度认知功能障碍患者社区护理的干预效果

目的探讨社区护理干预在老年轻度认知功能障碍（mildcognitiveimpairment，MCI）患者中的应用效果。方法2010年6—11月采用整群抽样的方法，选取湖州中心城市2个社区中60岁以上的老年人为研究对象，将筛查出的134例MCI患者随机分为干预组和对照组，两组均由社区医生进行健康教育和一般生活方式干预，干预组增加社区综合护理干预。干预3、6、12月后，用蒙特利尔认知功能量表进行认知功能评估，评价干预效果。结果干预3个月后，干预组的注意力、延迟回忆及总分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；6个月后，干预组的命名、延迟回忆和总分得分高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；12个月后，除语言外，干预组在命名、注意力、延迟回忆、定向力和总分上均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论社区护理干预能有效改善MCI患者的认知功能，避免或延缓MCI向老年痴呆的进展。

Effects of Community Nursing Interventions on Elderly People with Mild Cognitive Impairments

Objective To explore the effects of community nursing interventions on improving the condi- tions of the elderly with mild cognitive impairments. Methods Totally 134 elderly with mild cognitive im- pairment and aged more than 60 years from two central cities of Huzhou were recruited into this research by cluster sampling method and randomly divided into interventional group and control group. Elderly in both groups were given regular health education and general life style interventions by community doctors, while elderly in the interventional group were given additional comprehensive community nursing interven- tions. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale after3,6, and 12 months＇ interventions. Results Scores of the interventional group was significantly higher than those of the control group in attention,delayed recall and the total score after 3 months （P~0.05）. Scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group in naming, delayed recall and the total score after 6 months （P~0.05）. After 12 months, in addition to language, the intervention group＇s scores were higher than those of the control group in naming, attention, memory, disorientation and the total score, and the difference were statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Community nursing interventions can effectively improve and ameliorate the cognitive functions of patients with MCI and prevent or delay the progress of MCI to Alzheimer＇s Disease.