生物监测在水环境污染监测中的应用

生物监测是水环境污染监测的方法之一,是指利用生物个体、种群或群落对环境污染或变化所产生的反应阐明环境污染状况,具有敏感性、富集性、长期性和综合性等特点。该文综述了目前在实际监测中已经应用的生物监测方法和涉及的水生生物种类,方法包括生物指数法、聚氨酯泡沫塑料块法、生物毒性试验、生物残毒测定、生态毒理学方法等,涉及的水生生物涵盖单胞藻类、原生动物、底栖生物、鱼类和两栖类,同时,指出生物监测可以作为评价水环境质量的重要指标,但是水污染的生物监测也存在不足,比如监测方法的地域性限制等。

Application of Biomonitoring in Water Pollution

Biological monitoring is one of methods of water environment monitoring. By using the reaction of biological individual,population and community to environmental pollution,biomonitoring can expound the pollution state,provide monitoring data for the environmental quality assessment. The sensitivity,bio-concentration,long-term and comprehensive characteristics are advantages of biomonitoring. This paper summarized the methods of the biomonitoring used in practise,including biotic index,toxicity test,polyurethane foam unit,simultaneous determination,ecotoxicogenomics and involved single cell algae,protozoana,benthic organisms,amphibian. The shortages of the monitoring method also exist,for example,the regional limitation.