2015年中国15省(自治区、直辖市)18~65岁成年居民知觉压力水平及其影响因素分析

目的了解中国15省(自治区、直辖市)18~65岁成年居民知觉压力状况及其影响因素。方法利用2015年"中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究"资料,选择18~65岁、文化程度为初中及以上、具有完整人口统计学和社会经济特征、生活方式、疾病史和体格测量数据的调查对象作为研究对象。采用中文版知觉压力量表(Chinese perceived stress scale,CPSS)评估调查对象的知觉压力水平,采用分位数回归模型分析研究因素与知觉压力的关联性。结果研究共纳入6679人。知觉压力评分均值为22.6,中位数为24.0。分位数回归模型结果显示:在第5、25、50和95百分位数上,18~45岁人群知觉压力水平高于46~65岁组,两组差异随知觉压力评分的增加而减小(P5,β=1.31,95%CI 0.38~2.24;P25,β=0.91,95%CI 0.28~1.53);与对照组相比,初中文化程度者在较高百分位数上知觉压力水平高(P50,β=0.81,95%CI 0.32~1.30;P75,β=0.42,95%CI 0.11~0.72;P95,β=0.62,95%CI 0.06~1.18);在婚者在第50、75和95百分位数知觉压力水平低于对照组(P50,β=-0.81,95%CI-1.40^-0.23;P75,β=-0.39,95%CI-0.68^-0.10;P95,β=-0.95,95%CI-1.79^-0.12);在第5、25、50和75百分位数上,目前无工作者知觉压力水平高于有工作者,且差异随知觉压力评分增加而减小(P5,β=1.31,95%CI 0.32~2.31;P75,β=0.53,95%CI 0.35~0.71);家庭年人均收入水平在知觉压力评分的各个百分位数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);低身体活动水平者在第25、50和75百分位数的知觉压力水平均比对照组高(P25,β=1.15,95%CI 0.41~1.90;P50,β=1.09,95%CI 0.62~1.56;P75,β=0.28,95%CI 0.07~0.49);城市化水平、饮酒等分别在知觉压力评分的不同百分位数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);住房所有权、吸烟、睡眠时间是否适宜等在各个百分位数差异均无统计学意义。结论中国15省(自治区、直辖市)18~65岁成年居民知觉压力水平总体偏高,且与年龄、婚姻和工作状态、家庭年人均收入水平和身体活动水平等多种因素存在相关性。

Perceived stress level and its related factors in Chinese adult residents aged 18-65 in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2015

OBJECTIVE To investigate the perceived stress prevalence of adult residents aged 18-65 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) and its related factors. METHODS Adults aged 18 to 65 years, with middle school education or above and complete demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, disease history and physical measurements were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015. Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS) was used to evaluate the perceived stress level of participants, and percentile regression model was used to analyze the correlation between related factors and perceived stress. RESULTS A total of 6679 subjects were enrolled in this study. The mean and median of perceived stress scores were 22.6 and 24.0, respectively. The percentile regression model showed that age was positively associated with perceived stress in the 5 th, 25 th, 50 th and 95 th percentiles, and the difference between the two groups decreased with the increase of perceived stress score(P5, β=1.31, 95%CI 0.38-2.24;P25, β=0.91, 95%CI 0.28-1.53). Compared with the control group, adults with junior high school education had a high level of perceived stress in higher percentiles(P50, β=0.81, 95%CI 0.32-1.30;P75, β=0.42, 95%CI 0.11-0.72;P95, β=0.62, 95%CI 0.06-1.18). Perceived stress levels in the 50 th, 75 th and 95 th percentiles were lower in the married adults than in the control group(P50, β=-0.81, 95%CI-1.40--0.23;P75, β=-0.39, 95%CI-0.68--0.10;P95, β=-0.95, 95%CI-1.79--0.12). In the 5 th, 25 th, 50 th and 75 th percentiles, the perceived stress level of no workers is higher than that of workers, and the difference decreases with the increase of perceived stress score(P5, β=1.31, 95%CI 0.32-2.31;P75, β=0.53, 95%CI 0.35-0.71). Income level showed a positive association with perceived stress across the entire conditional perceived stress distribution(P<0.05). People with low levels of physical activity had higher levels of perceived stress in the 25 th, 50 th, and 75 th percentiles than the control group(P25, β=1.15, 95%CI 0.41-1.90;P50, β=1.09, 95%CI 0.62-1.56;P75, β=0.28, 95%CI 0.07-0.49).Urbanization level and alcohol consumption and other factors had influence on perceived stress in different percentile(P<0.05). No significant correlation was found between housing ownership, smoking, sleep duration and perceived stress. CONCLUSION The perceived stress level of adult residents aged 18 to 65 in 15 provinces of China is on the high level on the whole, which is correlated with age, marital state employment, annual per capita income, physical activity level and other factors.