2014年中国四城市学生看护人限盐勺使用现状及其影响因素

目的分析四城市学生看护人限盐勺使用现状,探讨其影响因素。方法利用2014年中国城市居民盐知信行调查数据,采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取广州市、武汉市、成都市、沈阳市12848名(男性4862名,女性7986名)学生看护人作为研究对象。采用自填问卷的方式收集限盐勺相关资料。采用Logistic回归模型分析不同性别、文化程度、家庭收入、盐相关知识等对学生看护人使用限盐勺的影响。结果33.3%的学生看护人没听说过限盐勺,41.9%听说过限盐勺但家中没有,24.8%听说过且家里有限盐勺,武汉、男性、初中及以下、职业为其他、低收入组没听说过限盐勺的比例高于其他组;广州、女性、高中及以上、专业技术和办事人员、高收入组家里有限盐勺的比例高于其他组(P<0.01);在有限盐勺的学生看护人中,10.0%不用限盐勺,60.6%偶尔用或当做普通勺使用,仅有29.5%经常/每次使用限盐勺控制用量,沈阳、男性、高收入组经常或每次使用限盐勺控制用量的比例高于其他组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高中及以上、高收入水平、知道盐推荐摄入量、知道高盐饮食会引起高血压对学生看护人拥有限盐勺影响的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.328(1.221~1.445)、1.268(1.029~1.563)、1.243(1.145~1.348)和0.838(0.763~0.921);家中有限盐勺的学生看护人知道盐推荐摄入量、知道高盐饮食引起高血压、限盐勺来源(社区/单位发放,亲戚朋友送)对看护人使用限盐勺影响的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.473(1.259~1.722)、1.249(1.040~1.501)和0.505(0.415~0.615)/0.603(0.441~0.823),均是影响学生看护人使用限盐勺的主要因素。结论2014年中国四城市学生看护人限盐勺的拥有率和使用率低。

Usage status of salt control spoon and influencing factors among students' caregivers of four cities in China in 2014

OBJECTIVE To analysis the usage status of salt control spoon and explore its influencing factors among student caregivers of four cities. METHODS The data of 2014 salt knowledge, attitude, practice(KAP) survey among urban residents in China was used, which a total of 12 848 student caregivers(male 4862, female 7986) were recruited from Guangzhou, Wuhan, Chengdu and Shenyang by stratified random cluster sampling method. A self-filling questionnaire survey was used to collect information about knowledge of salt and usage of salt control spoon. Logistic regression model was used to explore influencing factors of salt control spoon usage effected by gender, education level, family income, salt related knowledge, etc. RESULTS The proportion of student caregivers who didn’t know salt control spoon was 33.3%, and 41.9% of them knew salt control spoon but hadn’t it. Only 24.8% of them have heard of salt control spoon and had it at home. The proportion of having not heard salt control spoon among Wuhan, male, junior high school and below, other occupation and low family income group was higher than other groups. The proportion of having salt control spoon of groups in Guangzhou, female, high school and above, professional technical and clerical personnel, high family income was higher than other groups, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). Among the student caregivers having salt control spoon, the proportion of did not used salt control spoon, used it occasionally or used it without controlling the quantity and used it often and controlled the quantity was 10.0%, 60.6% and 29.5%, respectively. The student caregivers of Shenyang, male, high family income groups used salt control spoon and controlled the quantity more often than the other groups, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). As shown in multivariate logistic regression analysis, the OR(95%CI) of high school and above, high income level, knowing the recommended intake of salt, knowing that high salt diet can cause high blood pressure on the influence of having salt control spoon was 1.328(1.221-1.445),1.268(1.029-1.563),1.243(1.145-1.348)and 0.838(0.763-0.921), respectively. Among the student caregivers who having salt control spoon, the OR(95%CI) of knowing the recommended intake of salt, knowing that high salt diet can cause high blood pressure, and source of salt control spoon(community/unit, friends/relatives) on the influence of using salt control spoon was 1.473(1.259-1.722),1.249(1.040-1.501)and 0.505(0.415-0.615)/0.603(0.441-0.823), respectively. CONCLUSION There still existed lower proportion of awareness and usage of salt control spoon.